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議論学

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』

: argumentation theoryargumentAI



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議論学の種類[編集]

会話議論学[編集]


19601970[5] 使


数学の議論学[編集]

数学的真実の基礎は長い間議論の主題となってきた。特にフレーゲは、算術的な真実は純粋に論理的な公理に由来し、それゆえに結局は論理的真理であることを示そうとした[6]。この計画はラッセルとホワイトヘッドによって彼らの著作「プリンキピア・マテマティカ」で発展させられた。数理論理学にのっとった形式の言葉でなされた議論は、受容された証明の手続きを適用して判断することができる。これはペアノ公理を使って数学によって証明された。いずれにせよ、数学の主張は、他の分野の場合と同じく、真なる前提と偽なる結論を同時に持ちえないことが示されれば、そしてそのときにのみ妥当だということができる。

科学の議論学[編集]


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法の議論学[編集]

法的な議論は弁護士、あるいは彼らが勝てる法的根拠を示した際の団体による裁判や控訴裁判に対する口頭弁論である。口頭弁論は控訴のレベルで、法的な論争において各々の団体の主張を推し進めるような書かれた記事に伴う。弁論は全体として、事実を判断するもの、裁判の場合はしばしば裁判官にとって、それぞれの団体の重要な主張を何度も言う協議の結びの言明である。弁論は証拠を提出した後に起きる。

政治の議論学[編集]


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プラグマ弁証法[編集]


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(from Van Eemeren, Grootendorst, & Snoeck Henkemans, 2002, p. 182-183)

人工知能[編集]


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CMNA[17]COMMA[18][19]

関連文献[編集]

  • 福澤一吉, 『議論のレッスン』, NHK出版(生活人新書), 2002年, ISBN 978-4140880258 ; トゥルーミン・モデルをベースとした、論理的な書き言葉・話し言葉(議論)の分析・検証方法を述べている。

関連項目[編集]

出典[編集]

  1. ^ Bruce Gronbeck. "From Argument to Argumentation: Fifteen Years of Identity Crisis." Jack Rhodes and Sara Newell, ed.s Proceedings of the Summer Conference on Argumentation. 1980.
  2. ^ See Joseph W. Wenzel "Perspectives on Argument." Jack Rhodes and Sara Newell, ed.s Proceedings of the Summer Conference on Argumentation. 1980.
  3. ^ David Zarefsky. "Product, Process, or Point of View? Jack Rhodes and Sara Newell, ed.s Proceedings of the Summer Conference on Argumentation. 1980.
  4. ^ See Ray E. McKerrow. "Argument Communities: A Quest for Distinctions."
  5. ^ Psathas, George (1995): Conversation Analysis, Thousand Oaks: Sage Sacks, Harvey. (1995). Lectures on Conversation. Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 1-55786-705-4. Sacks, Harvey, Schegloff, Emanuel A., & Jefferson, Gail (1974). A simple systematic for the organization of turn-taking for conversation. Language, 50, 696-735. Schegloff, Emanuel A. (2007). Sequence Organization in Interaction: A Primer in Conversation Analysis, Volume 1, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Ten Have, Paul (1999): Doing Conversation Analysis. A Practical Guide, Thousand Oaks: Sage.
  6. ^ see Gottlob Frege, The Foundations of Arithemetic, 1884, and Logicism in Philosophy of mathematics
  7. ^ Michael McGee. "The 'Ideograph' as a Unit of Analysis in Political Argument." Jack Rhodes and Sara Newell, eds. Proceedings of the Summer Conference on Argumentation. 1980.
  8. ^ http://factcheck.org/about/
  9. ^ Jacques Ellul, Propaganda, Vintage, 1973, ISBN 0394718747 ISBN 978-0394718743.
  10. ^ Stephen E. Toulmin. The uses of argument. 1959.
  11. ^ Charles Arthur Willard. "Some Questions About Toulmin's View of Argument Fields." Jack Rhodes and Sara Newell, eds. Proceedings of the Summer Conference on Argumentation. 1980. "Field Theory: A Cartesian Meditation." George Ziegelmueller and Jack Rhodes, eds. Dimensions of Argument: Proceedings of the Second Summer Conference on Argumentation.
  12. ^ G. T. Goodnight, "The Personal, Technical, and Public Spheres of Argument." Journal of the American Forensics Association. (1982) 18:214-227. See also:en:Public_sphere
  13. ^ Bruce E. Gronbeck. "Sociocultural Notions of Argument Fields: A Primer." George Ziegelmueller and Jack Rhodes, eds. Dimensions of Argument: Proceedings of the Second Summer Conference on Argumentation. (1981) 1-20.
  14. ^ Robert Rowland, "Purpose, Argument Fields, and Theoretical Justification." Argumentation. vol. 22 Number 2 (2008) 235-250.
  15. ^ Loui, Ronald P. (2006), “A Citation-Based Reflection on Toulmin and Argument”, in Hitchcock, David; Verheij, Bart, Arguing on the Toulmin Model: New Essays in Argument Analysis and Evaluation, Springer Netherlands, pp. 31–38, doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-4938-5_3, ISBN 978-1-4020-4938-5, https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=3xE5ichwr5MC&lpg=PA31&ots=gGspeEoAs-&dq=A+Citation-Based+Reflection+on+Toulmin+and+Argument&pg=PA31&redir_esc=y&hl=ja#v=onepage&q=A%20Citation-Based%20Reflection%20on%20Toulmin%20and%20Argument&f=false 2010年6月25日閲覧, "Toulmin's 1958 work is essential in the field of argumentation" 
  16. ^ I. Rahwan & G. R. Simari (Eds.), "Argumentation in Artificial Intelligence." Springer, 2009. See also: http://www.springer.com/computer/artificial/book/978-0-387-98196-3
  17. ^ Computational Models of Natural Argument
  18. ^ Computational Models of Argument
  19. ^ Journal of Argument & Computation

資料[編集]

  • J. Robert Cox and Charles Arthur Willard, eds. Advances in Argumentation Theory and Research 1982.
  • Dung, P. M. "On the acceptability of arguments and its fundamental role in nonmonotonic reasoning, logic programming and n-person games." Artificial Intelligence, 77: 321-357 (1995).
  • Bondarenko, A., Dung, P. M., Kowalski, R., and Toni, F. , "An abstract, argumentation-theoretic approach to default reasoning", Artificial Intelligence 93(1-2) 63-101 (1997).
  • Dung, P. M., Kowalski, R., and Toni, F. "Dialectic proof procedures for assumption-based, admissible argumentation." Artificial Intelligence. 170(2), 114-159 (2006).
  • Frans van Eemeren, Rob Grootendorst, Sally Jackson, and Scott Jacobs, Reconstructing Argumentative Discourse 1993.
  • Frans Van Eemeren & Rob Grootendorst. A systematic theory of argumentation. The pragma-dialected approach. 2004.
  • Eemeren, F.H. van, Grootendorst, R. & Snoeck Henkemans, F. et al. (1996). Fundamentals of Argumentation Theory. A Handbook of Historical Backgrounds and Contemporary Developments. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Richard H. Gaskins Burdens of Proof in Modern Discourse. Yale University Press. 1993.
  • Michael A. Gilbert Coalescent Argumentation 1997.
  • Trudy Govier, Problems in Argument Analysis and Evaluation. 1987.
  • Dale Hample. (1979). "Predicting belief and belief change using a cognitive theory of argument and evidence." Communication Monographs. 46, 142-146.
  • Dale Hample. (1978). "Are attitudes arguable?" Journal of Value Inquiry. 12, 311-312.
  • Dale Hample. (1978). "Predicting immediate belief change and adherence to argument claims." Communication Monographs, 45, 219-228.
  • Dale Hample & Judy Hample. (1978). "Evidence credibility." Debate Issues. 12, 4-5.
  • Dale Hample. (1977). "Testing a model of value argument and evidence." Communication Monographs. 14, 106-120.
  • Dale Hample. (1977). "The Toulmin model and the syllogism." Journal of the American Forensic Association. 14, 1-9.
  • Trudy Govier, A Practical Study of Argument2nd ed. 1988.
  • Sally Jackson and Scott Jacobs, "Structure of Conversational Argument: Pragmatic Bases for the Enthymeme." The Quarterly Journal of Speech. LXVI, 251-265.
  • Ralph H. Johnson. Manifest Rationality: A Pragmatic Theory of Argument. Lawrence Erlbaum, 2000.
  • Ralph H. Johnson and J. Anthony Blair. "Logical Self-Defense", IDEA, 2006. First published, McGraw Hill Ryerson, Toronto, ON, 1997, 1983, 1993. Reprinted, McGraw Hill, New York, NY, 1994.
  • Ralph Johnson. and Blair, J. Anthony (1987), "The Current State of Informal Logic", Informal Logic, 9(2–3), 147–151.
  • Ralph H. Johnson. H. (1996). The rise of informal logic. Newport News, VA: Vale Press
  • Ralph H. Johnson. (1999). The relation between formal and informal logic. Argumentation, 13(3) 265-74.
  • Ralph H. Johnson. & Blair, J. A. (1977). Logical self-defense. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson. US Edition. (2006). New York: Idebate Press.
  • Ralph H. Johnson. & Blair, J. Anthony. (1987). The current state of informal logic. Informal Logic 9, 147-51.
  • Ralph H. Johnson. & Blair, J. Anthony. (1996). Informal logic and critical thinking. In F. van Eemeren, R. Grootendorst, & F. Snoeck Henkemans (Eds.), Fundamentals of Argumentation Theory. (pp. 383–86). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
  • Ralph H. Johnson, Ralph. H. & Blair, J. Anthony. (2000). "Informal logic: An overview." Informal Logic. 20(2): 93-99.
  • Ralph H. Johnson, Ralph. H. & Blair, J. Anthony. (2002). Informal logic and the reconfiguration of logic. In D. Gabbay, R. H. Johnson, H.-J. Ohlbach and J. Woods (Eds.). Handbook of the logic of argument and inference: The turn towards the practical. (pp. 339–396). Elsivier: North Holland.
  • Chaim Perelman and Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca, The New Rhetoric, Notre Dame, 1970.
  • Stephen Toulmin. The uses of argument. 1959.
  • Stephen Toulmin. The Place of Reason in Ethics. 1964.
  • Stephen Toulmin. Human Understanding: The Collective Use and Evolution of Concepts. 1972.
  • Stephen Toulmin. Cosmopolis. 1993.
  • Douglas N. Walton, The Place of Emotion in Argument. 1992.
  • Joseph W. Wenzel 1990 Three perspectives on argumentation. In R Trapp and J Scheutz, (Eds.), Perspectives on argumentation: Essays in honour of Wayne Brockreide. 9-26 Waveland Press: Prospect Heights, IL
  • John Woods. (1980). What is informal logic? In J.A. Blair & R. H. Johnson (Eds.), Informal Logic: The First International Symposium .(pp. 57–68). Point Reyes, CA: Edgepress.
  • John Woods. (2000). How Philosophical is Informal Logic? Informal Logic. 20(2): 139-167. 2000
  • Charles Arthur Willard Liberalism and the Problem of Knowledge: A New Rhetoric for Modern Democracy. University of Chicago Press. 1996.
  • Charles Arthur Willard, A Theory of Argumentation. University of Alabama Press. 1989.
  • Charles Arthur Willard, Argumentation and the Social Grounds of KnowledgeUniversity of Alabama Press. 1982.
  • Harald Wohlrapp. Der Begriff des Arguments. Über die Beziehungen zwischen Wissen, Forschen, Glaube, Subjektivität und Vernunft. Würzburg: Königshausen u. Neumann, 2008 ISBN 978-3-8260-3820-4

外部リンク[編集]