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宏観異常現象

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』

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""(macroscopic)[1][7]19601970使"macroscopic anomaly""earthquake weather"[6]



[1][3][6]

[7]"1""2""3"[8]



(Helike)373[4][ 1]679[ 2][6][9]18541855192319441984西1979[10][11]1930[6]

201975[12][13][14]

1930[6][15] 1989Jim Berkland[16][17][18]

19951500[1][4][10][19][20][21]

100[22][23][ 3]2011[24][25]

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[7][26][11][23][27][28][29]


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[7]

[1][8][26][29][30][31][32]


12,000450[26][29][6][7][33]

""[6]

[26][30][33]cf.

[34]cf.#


33[5][35]3[29]

[7]

[29]

(AE)[1][3][36]

[37]1[20][21]

[7][31]VAN[7][34][38][39][40]

西調[7][6][ 4][29][41][42][43]

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19952011調調[ 5][6]

[33]

[6]

[6]

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[1][2][3][5] - :
[33][21]姿[33][21][44]

[21]

SPSP[11]

2018130700[11][45][46][47][48][49]

[45][50][3][45]

[2][3] - 
4741950196019801872185419231933[51][52][53][54]

[2][3][4][55]
869

17511930[54][56][57][58][54]

18961933[54][59]

 - 
1810[54][21][54][60] 

 - [21][54]

 - 
[21][61][3][4][61][61][62]

[1][3][4] - [21]

[1] - 
[21]


[21][28][5][63]Berkland"Earthquake sensitivity""earthquake sensitive"[64][65]

[6]

海棲生物の例に見る地震との「結び付け」[編集]


[21][54][61][66][67]

1990[68]

調19282011333630100km100kmM61[66]

ナマズ[編集]

地下に棲み、身体を揺することで地震を起こすと言われてきた大鯰

//1855[1][69]

19761992[70][71]

19947 Web[72]

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[73][ 6]2013[1][ 7]西西[74]

脚注[編集]

注釈[編集]



(一)^ 1970(Helmut Tributsch)[6]

(二)^ cf.#

(三)^ International Commission on Earthquake Forecasting for Civil Protection2009

(四)^ cf.#

(五)^ :2:

(六)^    - 2012124

(七)^  

出典[編集]



(一)^ abcdefghijklm"". (). 2023328

(二)^ abcde§9-2483-488

(三)^ abcdefghijk§9-7533-535

(四)^ abcdef 2001216-251

(五)^ abcdCan you predict earthquakes?.  United States Geological Survey. 202328

(六)^ abcdefghijklmno290-291 

(七)^ abcdefghi10119993-12doi:10.6010/geoinformatics1990.10.1_3 

(八)^ ab (200120176).  2 §8.2 . .  . 2023829

(九)^  2007 

(十)^ ab 1998︿ISBN 9784906431090 

(11)^ abcdHeiko Woith, Gesa M. Petersen, Sebastian Hainzl, Torsten Dahm (2018-06). Review: Can Animals Predict Earthquakes. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 108 (3A). doi:10.1785/0120170313. 

(12)^  2001325-329

(13)^  (2009). (). () (9). http://www.cqvip.com/qk/81539x/2009009/30290539.html 202328. 

(14)^ Kelin Wang, Qi-Fu Chen, Shihong Sun, Andong Wang (2006). Predicting the 1975 Haicheng earthquake (). Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 96 (3). doi:10.1785/0120050191. 

(15)^ :6. . (2014630) 

(16)^ Deming, David (2007), Earthquake Prediction, Kooks, and Syzygy: A Review of The Man Who Predicts Earthquakes, Journal of Scientific Exploration 21 (2): 373382, ISSN 0892-3310, https://www.scientificexploration.org/journal/volume-21-number-2-2007 

(17)^ Hunter, Roger (2006-10), Can Jim Berkland predict earthquakes? (), Skeptical Inquirer 30 (5): 4750, http://www.csicop.org/author/rogerhunter 

(18)^ Berkland, Jim (1990-11-29), Bring in the Clowns, Report to the California Commission of Earthquake Preparedness and Natural Hazards, 2016-03-07, https://web.archive.org/web/20160307081259/http://www.syzygyjob.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=16&Itemid=29 

(19)^  (1998-03). -- (pdf). (49). CRID 1520853835177243776. https://dl.ndl.go.jp/view/prepareDownload?itemId=info%3Andljp%2Fpid%2F10810284&contentNo=1 2023328. 

(20)^ ab (2002-02). 10-4. 2001510630e-PISCO (pdf). () (67). https://cais.gsi.go.jp/YOCHIREN/report/kaihou67/10-04.pdf 2023328. 

(21)^ abcdefghijkl (2002-02). 10-4. (5/17/10, 2001) -- (pdf). () (67). https://cais.gsi.go.jp/YOCHIREN/report/kaihou67/10-04.pdf 2023328. 

(22)^ Geller, Robert J.; Jackson, David D.; Kagan, Yan Y.; Mulargia, Francesco (1997-03-14), Earthquakes Cannot Be Predicted () (pdf), Science 275 (5306): 1616, doi:10.1126/science.275.5306.1616, http://moho.ess.ucla.edu/~kagan/Geller_et_al_1997.pdf 

(23)^ abICEF 2011, p. 336

(24)^ International Commission on Earthquake Forecasting for Civil Protection (30 May 2011), Operational Earthquake Forecasting: State of Knowledge and Guidelines for Utilization, Annals of Geophysics 54 (4): 315391, doi:10.4401/ag-5350 

(25)^  (2013-11-12). . 2012 50 . http://www-solid.eps.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~ssj2012/. 

(26)^ abcd >  > .  . 202328

(27)^ Orey 2006, p. 29, Geller (1997, p. 432,436)

(28)^ abIs there earthquake weather?.  United States Geological Survey調. 202328

(29)^ abcdefFAQ 2-10. Web201712.   . 202328

(30)^ abFAQ 2-12. 201910.   . 202328

(31)^ abFAQ 2-6. 20159.   . 202328

(32)^  (2019-04). (pdf). (): 6-7. https://www.zisin.jp/publications/pdf/nf-vol117.pdf 202328. 

(33)^ abcde (1999-12). (pdf). () (28): 35-43. http://adep.or.jp/public/img/28.pdf 2023328. 

(34)^ abMulargia, Francesco; Gasperini, Paolo (1992), Evaluating the statistical validity beyond chance of 'VAN' earthquake precursors (), Geophysical Journal International 111 (1): 3244, Bibcode: 1992GeoJI.111...32M, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1992.tb00552.x, http://gaspy.df.unibo.it/paolo/ArticoliPaolo/32-Mulargia_Gasperini_1992.pdf 

(35)^ Geller (1997, p. 425)

(36)^  (20121227).  . e-.  . 202328

(37)^  2001§2-6

(38)^ Orey 2006, p. 29,45, Geller (1997, p. 425,436)

(39)^ Hough, Susan (2010) (), Predicting the Unpredictable: The Tumultuous Science of Earthquake Prediction, Princeton University Press, ISBN 978-0-691-13816-9, https://archive.org/details/predictingunpred00houg 

(40)^ McClellan, Patrick H. (May 1980), Preearthquake Animal Behavior, A Closer Look for Alternative Causes (), Geophysical Research Letters 7 (5): 333336, Bibcode: 1980GeoRL...7..333M, doi:10.1029/gl007i005p00333 

(41)^  .  J-CAST. 2023210

(42)^  (2001). (). () 49 (11). doi:10.20665/kakyoshi.49.11_684. 

(43)^ Shermer, Michael (1997) (), Why People Believe Weird Things: Pseudoscience, Superstition, and Other Confusions of Our Time, W.H. Freeman and Company, ISBN 0-7167-3090-1 

(44)^  p.2,6,12,13,15,18,22,27,472023328

(45)^ abcNeeti Bhargava, Katiyar, V. K., Sharma, M. L., Pradhan, P. (2009). Earthquake Prediction through Animal Behavior: A Review. Indian Journal of Biomechanics (78). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260400444_Earthquake_Prediction_through_Animal_Behavior_A_Review. 

(46)^ Lighton, John R.B.; Duncan, Frances D. (15 August 2005), Shaken, not stirred: a serendipitous study of ants and earthquakes () (pdf), Journal of Experimental Biology 208 (16): 31033107, doi:10.1242/jeb.01735, PMID 16081608, http://jeb.biologists.org/content/208/16/3103.full.pdf 

(47)^ Kenagy, G. J.; Enright, J. T. (1979), Animal Behavior as a Predictor of Earthquakes: An Analysis of Rodent Activity (), Open-File Report 80-453, U.S. Geological Survey 

(48)^ Lindberg, Robert G.; Skiles, Durward; Hayden, Page (1981), Can animals predict earthquakes? A search for correlations between changes in activity patterns of two fossorial rodents and subsequent seismic events () (pdf), Open-File Report 81-385, U.S. Geological Survey, http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1981/0385/report.pdf 

(49)^ Otis, Leon; Kautz, William (1979), Biological premonitions of earthquakes: a validation study - Proceedings of Conference XI: Abnormal Animal Behavior Prior to Earthquakes, II (), Open-File Report 80-453, U.S. Geological Survey, pp. 225226 

(50)^  (2014-09). .  . NAID 500000929343. http://id.nii.ac.jp/1112/00004072/. 

(51)^ AE. () (26). (1990-03). doi:10.11483/mritechrepo.26. https://www.mri-jma.go.jp/Publish/Technical/DATA/VOL_26/26.html. 

(52)^ 稿 (1977/04)

(53)^ 83311934377-86doi:10.15083/0000032391ISSN 09150862NAID 120001988339 

(54)^ abcdefgh (2013107). (pdf). 2011.03.11.調 . 2023328

(55)^  2009稿J239

(56)^ . (201417). 2023416

(57)^ , ,   1122005 ID:P-108doi:10.14863/geosocabst.2005.0_261_2NAID 110004572544 

(58)^  - 

(59)^  (1999). . 108 (4). http://www.journalarchive.jst.go.jp/japanese/jnlabstract_ja.php?cdjournal=jgeography1889&cdvol=108&noissue=4&startpage=433. 

(60)^  p.422023328

(61)^ abcd p.272023328

(62)^  p.412023328

(63)^ Eva Dust (2008-01). earthquake sensitive people. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230920660_earthquake_sensitive_people 202343. 

(64)^ Orey 2006, p. 66,261

(65)^ Can some people sense that an earthquake is about to happen (earthquake sensitives)?.  United States Geological Survey. 202343

(66)^ ab (2019-12). (pdf). () (68): 43. http://sparc1034.adep.or.jp/public/img/68.pdf 2023513. 

(67)^  p.32023328

(68)^  (2015). . 13. doi:10.57279/driftological.13.0_45. 

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(70)^  (2003-06). (pdf). 2003. https://www2.jpgu.org/meeting/2003/pdf/e074/e074-p005.pdf 2023328. 

(71)^  (2019). . (41). ISSN 2189-0617. http://www.scc.u-tokai.ac.jp/iord/bulletin/bulletin41.html. 

(72)^ Marc Abrahams (2014517). Inspired by the possibility that catfish caused earthquakes.  Improbable ResearchWeb. 202343

(73)^ 1. 619963-10NDLJP:10503941 

(74)^ 西 調.  西. 2023328

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22001ISBN 4-254-16039-9 

 2001ISBN 4-931507-01-8 

 2016ISBN 9784254160642 

2.  

International Commission on Earthquake Forecasting for Civil Protection (2011-05-30), Operational Earthquake Forecasting: State of Knowledge and Guidelines for Utilization (), Annals of Geophysics 54 (4): 315391, doi:10.4401/ag-5350 

Orey, Cal (2006) (), The Man Who Predicts Earthquakes: Jim Berkland, Maverick Geologist: How His Quake Warnings Can Save Lives, Sentient Publications, ISBN 9781591810360, https://books.google.com/books?id=gEesLt8P6sgC 

Geller, Robert J. (December 1997), Earthquake prediction: a critical review. (), Geophysical Journal International 131 (3): 425450, Bibcode: 1997GeoJI.131..425G, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1997.tb06588.x 

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