Help:IPA/Telugu: Difference between revisions

Charts below show the way in which the [[International Phonetic Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)]] represents [[Telugu language|Telugu]] pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{tl|IPA-te}} and {{section link|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation#Entering IPA characters}}.

==Key==

| <big>{{IPA link|d̪|d}}</big>

| <big>{{IPA|d}}{{IPA link|ʱ}}</big>

| <big>{{IPA link|ɖ}}</big><ref>{{IPA link|ɽ}} is an allophone of 'డ'. 'డ' is pronounced as {{IPA link|ɖ}} when it occurs at the starting of a word, or as a part of [[conjunct consonant]], or when it is preceded by pūrṇānusvāra (eg: డోలు, కడ్డీ, పండు respectively). It is pronounced as {{IPA link|ɽ}} in remaining cases (the only remaining case being when it occurs in the middle of a word preceded and followed by vowels—eg: వీడు).</ref>

| <big>{{IPA link|ɟ}}</big><ref>Allophones of 'జ' include {{IPA link|dʒ}} and {{IPA link|dz}}. It is to be pronounced as {{IPA link|ɟ}} in Sanskrit loan words, as {{IPA link|dz}} in telugu words and as {{IPA link|dʒ}} in telugu words when followed by a [[front vowel]]. However {{IPA link|ɟ}} is almost universally approximated to {{IPA link|dʒ}} by modern speakers (except perhaps by few scholars and sanskrit scholars) and a considerable number of speakers might approximate {{IPA link|dz}} to {{IPA link|dʒ}}.</ref>

| <big>{{IPA|ɟ}}{{IPA link|ʱ}}~{{IPA|dʒ}}{{IPA link|ʱ}}</big>

| <big>{{IPAlink|dz}}~{{IPAlink|z}}</big><ref>Originally an allophone of 'జ', a phoneme for {{IPAlink|dz}} is a relatively modern phenomenon. While the sound is still in common speech, usage of phoneme is rare outside academic circles i.e. ౙ is an [[archiphoneme]] of జ</ref>

| ఞ || ñ || '''జ్ఞా'''నం<br />(combination of జ and ఞ)<ref name="anuswara">ఞ Usually takes the form of [[anuswara|pūrṇānusvāra]] preceding the homorganic consonants i.e. [[palatal consonants]] as in '''అం'''జలి.</ref> || style="text-align:left;" | ca'''ny'''on

| ఙ || ṅ || వా'''ఙ్మ'''యము<ref name=>ఙ Usually takes the form of [[anuswara|Pūrṇānusvāra]] preceding the homorganic consonants i.e. [[velar consonants]] as in గంగ.</ref>|| style="text-align:left;" |wi'''ng'''

| <big>{{IPA|p}}{{IPA link|ʰ}}</big><ref name=> Mostly pronounced as {{IPA link|f}} in modern Telugu. English approximation would be '''f'''in</ref>

| ర || r || '''ర'''క్తము || style="text-align:left;" | ''North American:'' a'''t'''om

| <big>{{IPA link|ç}}</big><ref name=>Might be approximated as {{IPA link|ɕ}} by some speakers.</ref>

| శ || ś || '''శ'''రీరం || style="text-align:left;" |'''sh'''ave

| <big>{{IPA link|t̪|t}}</big>

| <big>{{IPA|t}}{{IPA link|ʰ}}</big>

| <big>{{IPA link|c}}</big><ref>Allophones of 'చ' include {{IPA link|tʃ}} and {{IPA link|ts}}. It is to be pronounced as {{IPA link|c}} in Sanskrit loan words, as {{IPA link|ts}} in telugu words and as {{IPA link|tʃ}} in telugu words when followed by a [[front vowel]]. However {{IPA link|c}} is almost universally approximated to {{IPA link|tʃ}} by modern speakers (except perhaps by few scholars and sanskrit scholars) and a considerable number of speakers might approximate {{IPA link|ts}} to {{IPA link|tʃ}}.</ref>

| <big>{{IPA|c}}{{IPA link|ʰ}}~{{IPA|tʃ}}{{IPA link|ʰ}}</big>

| <big>{{IPAlink|ts}}</big><ref>Originally an allophone of 'చ', a phoneme for {{IPAlink|ts}} is a relatively modern phenomenon. While the sound is still in common speech, usage of phoneme is rare outside academic circles.</ref>

|-

| <big>{{IPAlink|ɻ}}</big>

|ఴ||ḻ|| తమి'''ఴ'''|| style="text-align:left;" |

| వ || v || '''వ'''గరు || style="text-align:left;" | '''V'''ine (Indian English pronunciation)

| <big>{{IPA link|ɾ|ɾu}}</big><ref name="syllabic r">Originally pronounced as {{IPA link|r̩}} in sanskrit. Modified into pronunciations ranging from {{IPA link|ɾ|ɾɪ}} in Hindi to {{IPA link|ɾ|ɾu}} in Telugu.</ref>

! colspan="5"| Anusvāras (diacritics)

! Name of the anusvāra

! Remarks

| <big>{{IPA link|h}}</big>

| Visarga

|-

|NA

| ం

|ṁ

|style="text-align:left;" |మంచం

|Letter 'n' has a similar function as pūrṇānusvāra in certain words. Eg: Wing

|Pūrṇānusvāra/sunna

|Indicates that [[homorganic]] nasal stop of the consonant following anusvāra should be pronounced.

|-

|◌̃

| ఁ

| m̐

| style="text-align:left;" |వాఁడు

|Letter 'n' has a similar function as ardhānusvāra in certain words. Eg: hand

| Ardhānusvāra/ Arasunna

| Indicates that the preceding vowel should be pronounced as [[nasalised vowel]].

| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | doubled consonant<br>(placed after [[geminate]] consonant)