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(Top)
 


1 Notes  





2 References  





3 External links  














Help:IPA/Mandarin: Difference between revisions







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< Help:IPA

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{{Expand Chinese|Help:现代标准汉语国际音标|date=June 2023}}

{{Expand language|zh}}

{{IPA key|H:IPA-CMN}}

{{IPA key|H:IPA-CMN}}

The charts below show the way in which the [[International Phonetic Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)]] represents [[Standard Chinese|Standard Mandarin]] pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{tl|IPA-cmn}}, {{tl|IPAc-cmn}} and {{section link|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation#Entering IPA characters}}.

The charts below show the way in which the [[International Phonetic Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)]] represents [[Standard Chinese|Standard Mandarin]] pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{tl|IPA-cmn}}, {{tl|IPAc-cmn}} and {{section link|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation#Entering IPA characters}}.


Revision as of 03:04, 24 June 2023

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Standard Mandarin pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{IPA-cmn}}, {{IPAc-cmn}} and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

See Standard Chinese phonology for more detail on the sounds of Mandarin Chinese.

Consonants
IPA Pinyin Wade–Giles Bopomofo Chinese example English approximation
ɕ x hs 晓/曉/xiǎo sheep,[a] but more y-like
f f 非/fēi fan
j y-/-i- 牙/yá yes
k g k 干/gān skin
k k' 口/kǒu kin
l l 来/來/lái leaf
m m 明/míng moon
n n ㄋ,ㄣ,ㄢ 泥/ní noon
ŋ -ng ㄥ,ㄤ 江/jiāng song
p b p 帮/幫/bāng span
p p' 滂/páng pan
ʐ[b] r- j 日/rì pleasure, but with tongue curled or pulled back
s s 私/sī same
ʂ sh 矢/shǐ show, but without lip rounding and with tongue curled or pulled back
t d t 端/duān stop
t t' 透/tòu top
j ch 叫/jiào cheap,[a] but more y-like (without lip rounding)
tɕʰ q ch' 去/qù Above, but with a strong burst of breath (aspiration)
ts z ts 子/zǐ outset
tsʰ c ts' 此/cǐ let's help
ʈʂ zh ch 之/zhī cheer, but without lip rounding and with tongue curled or pulled back
ʈʂʰ ch ch' 吃/chī Above, but with a strong burst of breath (aspiration)
w w-/-u- 我/wǒ water
x h 火/huǒ loch (Scottish English)
ɥ yu-/-ü-[c] yü-/-ü- 月/yuè between wet and yet
Vowels
IPA Pinyin Wade–Giles Bopomofo Chinese example English approximation
a a ㄚ,ㄢ,ㄤ 阿,安,盎 car
er êrh 二,兒(儿)
ɛ~æ yan/-ian yen/-ien ㄧㄢ set or sat
yuan/-üan ㄩㄢ
e ye/-ie, yue/-üe eh 也,月 hey
ə en,[d] eng ên, êng ㄣ,ㄥ 本,冷 atop
ɚ er êrh 二,兒(儿) fern[e]
ɤ e ê / o[f] between boot and but
i yi/-i city
o wo/-uo[g]/-ou o[h] go, but without lip rounding
ɻ̩ zhi, chi, shi, ri ih [i] 之,吃,師(师),日 Below, but with tongue curled or pulled back[j]
ɹ̩ zi, ci, si ŭ 子,次,私 roses, cousin
u wu/-u cool
ʊ -ong -ung ㄨㄥ,ㄩㄥ 冬,用 book
y yu/-ü[c] yü/-ü beet, but with the lips rounded as for boot
Diphthongs
ai time
ao somewhat like out
ei[d] face
ou[d] 歐(欧) show
Tones
IPA Pinyin Wade–Giles Bopomofo Chinese example Tone number Description
á ā a1 巴/bā tone 1 high level [˥]
ǎ á a2 ㄚˊ 拔/bá tone 2 mid rising [˧˥]
à ǎ a3 ㄚˇ 把/bǎ tone 3 medially, low [˩]; initially, mid falling [˧˩]; finally, low rising [˩˧]; in isolation, dipping [˧˩˧]
â à a4 ㄚˋ 爸/bà tone 4 high falling [˥˩]
a a a0 ˙ㄚ 吧/ba tone 0 or 5
(toneless)
mid [˧] after all tones but 4, where it is low [˩]
Note: Pinyin uses the same diacritics as IPA but with different values.

Notes

  1. ^ a b [ɕ, tɕ, tɕʰ] are always followed by [i] [j], [y], or [ɥ].
  • ^ Also transcribed as ɻ in some literature.
  • ^ a b ü (/y/) is spelled u after j, q, x in pinyin since /u/ cannot occur after them.
  • ^ a b c wei, you/yu, wen/wên are spelled respectively ui, iu, un in Pinyin and Wade-Giles but are pronounced identically when they are preceded by a consonant.
  • ^ The rhotic vowel also appears in erhua.
  • ^ This sound is spelled ⟨o⟩ after ⟨k, k', h⟩ in Wade-Giles.
  • ^ This sound is spelled ⟨o⟩ after ⟨b, p, m, f⟩ in Pinyin.
  • ^ ㄨㄛ is spelled as ⟨o⟩, except for ⟨k, k', h, sh⟩ (as ⟨kuo, k'uo, huo, shuo⟩) in Wade-Giles.
  • ^ This symbol is rarely used and usually omitted during writing.
  • ^ Voiced continuants (also transcribed [ɨ, ɯ]or[ʐ̩, z̩]) reflecting the character of the preceding consonant[clarification needed]
  • References

    • Duanmu, San (2007). The Phonology of Standard Chinese (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Lee, Wai-Sum; Zee, Eric (2003). "Standard Chinese (Beijing)" (PDF). Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 33 (1): 109–112. doi:10.1017/S0025100303001208.
  • Lin, Yen-Hwei (2007). The Sounds of Chinese. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • External links


    Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Mandarin&oldid=1161647903"

    Category: 
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    This page was last edited on 24 June 2023, at 03:04 (UTC).

    This version of the page has been revised. Besides normal editing, the reason for revision may have been that this version contains factual inaccuracies, vandalism, or material not compatible with the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.



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