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第4回20か国・地域首脳会合

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』
G20 > 第4回20か国・地域首脳会合
20か国・地域首脳会合
(金融・世界経済に関する首脳会合)
開催国 カナダ
日程 2010年6月26日・27日
会場 メトロ・トロント・コンベンション・センター
都市 オンタリオ州 トロント
前回 G20ピッツバーグ・サミット
次回 G20ソウル・サミット
ウェブサイト 公式ウェブサイト

420420G20G20G20: G20 Toronto Summit201062627G20

[1][2]貿[3]G202168

[4]G2020106252636G862627G20G20[5]

 (Integrated Security Unit)  (ISU)  (Downtown Toronto) [6]G8[7]85800[8]

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G20[9] (EU) [10]EUEU (Robin Hood tax) [11][12]  (Blockade of the Gaza Strip)  

準備[編集]

警備[編集]

ウェリントン通りの中央部に設置されたセキュリティ・フェンス。

20102[13] 52010  (Integrated Security Unit) (ISU) [14][15]1150[16]

11,000[17](NORAD)CF-18 CH-124 CH-146   (Amalgam Virgo) 567[18]G8G2010[19][20]

ISU()西[17]382[21][22]3SNC-Lavalin2[23]55067[24]77 (LRAD)4[25]ISU使[26]

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[27][28]便 (Canada Post) 便[29] (Toronto Parking Authority) 使[30][31]745[32]200便70295[33]

[34]

(Liquor Control Board of Ontario, LCBO)7[35]PATH[21]CN[36][37][38] (Ontario Legislative Building) [39]

625273200920102011[40][41][42] (Mirvish Productions) ![43][44]

 ()427  (Gardiner Expressway) 2沿[45][21][46]VIA[47][21]NAV  (Nav Canada)  便30(56km)[48][49]625145000[50]

[51]20,000- (1,858 m2)[52]32010 FIFA[53][54][55]230019057[56]

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201058G20[57][58]

G8G20[59]624[60]625100G825[61]

(OECD)G20[4]36G8G202010624[61][62]G8[63]
ハンツビルから米大統領専用ヘリ「マリーンワン」でトロント入りしたオバマ大統領(右)とキャメロン首相(中央)。
握手を交わす(左から)露メドヴェージェフ大統領、独メルケル首相、仏サルコジ大統領。
G20参加国 出席者 役職
アメリカ合衆国の旗 アメリカ バラク・オバマ[64] 大統領
イギリスの旗 イギリス デービッド・キャメロン[64] 首相
フランスの旗 フランス ニコラ・サルコジ[65] 大統領
ドイツの旗 ドイツ アンゲラ・メルケル[64] 首相
日本の旗 日本 菅直人[64] 内閣総理大臣
イタリアの旗 イタリア シルヴィオ・ベルルスコーニ[64] 首相
カナダの旗 カナダ スティーヴン・ハーパー[66] 首相
ロシアの旗 ロシア ドミートリー・メドヴェージェフ[64] 大統領
中華人民共和国の旗 中国 胡錦濤[67] 国家主席
インドの旗 インド マンモハン・シン[68] 首相
ブラジルの旗 ブラジル グイド・マンテガ[69] 財務相
メキシコの旗 メキシコ フェリペ・カルデロン[70] 大統領
南アフリカ共和国の旗 南アフリカ ジェイコブ・ズマ[64] 大統領
オーストラリアの旗 オーストラリア ウェイン・スワン[71] 副首相
大韓民国の旗 韓国 李明博[72] 大統領
インドネシアの旗 インドネシア スシロ・バンバン・ユドヨノ[64] 大統領
サウジアラビアの旗 サウジアラビア アブドゥッラー・ビン・アブドゥルアズィーズ[73][74] 国王
トルコの旗 トルコ レジェップ・タイイップ・エルドアン[75][76] 首相
アルゼンチンの旗 アルゼンチン クリスティーナ・フェルナンデス・デ・キルチネル[77] 大統領
欧州連合の旗 欧州委員会 ジョゼ・マヌエル・バローゾ[76] 委員長
欧州理事会 ヘルマン・ファン・ロンパウ[64] 議長
招待国
国名 出席者 役職
スペインの旗 スペイン[78] ホセ・ルイス・ロドリゲス・サパテロ[79] 首相
オランダの旗 オランダ[78] ヤン・ペーター・バルケネンデ[80] 首相
ナイジェリアの旗 ナイジェリア[58] グッドラック・ジョナサン[64] 大統領
エチオピアの旗 エチオピア[78] メレス・ゼナウィ[64] 首相
マラウイの旗 マラウイ[78] ビング・ワ・ムタリカ[64] 大統領
ベトナムの旗 ベトナム[78] グエン・タン・ズン[67] 首相
国際機関
国際機関名 出席者 役職
国際連合の旗 国際連合 潘基文[81] 事務総長
世界銀行 ロバート・ゼーリック[82] 総裁
世界貿易機関 パスカル・ラミー[65] 事務局長
OECD アンヘル・グリア[82] 事務総長
金融安定化理事会 マリオ・ドラギ[83] 議長
国際労働機関 フアン・ソマビア[84] 事務局長
国際通貨基金 ドミニク・ストロス=カーン[65] 専務理事
NEPAD メレス・ゼナウィ[64] 議長
アフリカ連合 ビング・ワ・ムタリカ[64][85][86] 総会議長
ASEAN スリン・ピッスワン[87] 事務総長
グエン・タン・ズン[87] 議長

抗議デモ[編集]

反G20を掲げた抗議デモ

G20[88]ISU[89]

 (Oxfam Canada) OCAP (Ontario Coalition Against Poverty)[90]LGBT[91][92][93][94][95]

Black Bloc[96][97][98]

500[99][100]1100[101]ISU[102]5[103][104]

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627G20

[105]

626G20G20[106]

貿[107]2013[108]GDP[108][109][110] ()[111] (environmentally friendly) [112]

G20[113](IMF)Top Ten Commandments for Fiscal Adjustment in Advanced Economies調10貿[114]

[]

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G8G20[115]11 (Transit City) [116][117][118]20102-387800[118]201010 ()857901850.31[8]

200930001800[117] (Kevin Page) G81800[119]G8/G20 (Ward Elcock) [117] (Jim Flaherty) [120]

230019057000[121] folly[122][123]    attribute According to some critics, the spending misled the objective of the summits into showing off Canada's attributes instead of promoting the summits' agendas.[124] (Jack Layton) [124] [125][126]

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G20[127][128]4075[129]

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617G20[130]

BBC (The Hindu) G20[131]

2011G20101[132]

関連項目[編集]

脚注[編集]



(一)^ Ronald D. Orol (2010627). G-20 countries set deficit and debt-reducing goals. The Wall Street Journal (New York City: marketwatch.com). http://articles.marketwatch.com/2010-06-27/economy/30783027_1_g-20-deficit-debt-to-gdp-ratio 2012327 

(二)^ Background: Summit Issues. The Globe and Mail (Toronto: theglobeandmail.com). (2010428). 2010711. https://web.archive.org/web/20100711124423/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/g8-g20/background-summit-issues/article1547024/ 2010620 

(三)^ Statement by the Prime Minister of Canada.  Government of Canada (2010318). 20104202010520

(四)^ ab"PM announces participation of key leaders at the Toronto G-20 Summit this June" (Press release). Government of Canada. 8 May 2010. 2012327

(五)^ Rob Gillies (2010526). Opposition miffed by $1 billion summit security. The Boston Globe (boston.com). http://www.boston.com/news/world/canada/articles/2010/05/26/opposition_miffed_by_1_billion_summit_security/ 201244 

(六)^ G20 Toronto.  Toronto Police Service. 2010712010520

(七)^ Alcoba, Natalie (2010225). G8/G20: Gearing up for the biggest security event in Canadian history. National Post (Mostly Water). http://mostlywater.org/g8g20_be_biggest_security_operation_canadian_history 2012327 

(八)^ abG8/G20 costs top $857M. CBC News (CBC.ca). (2010115). http://www.cbc.ca/canada/toronto/story/2010/11/05/g20-costs-tabled.html 201241 

(九)^ Roya Wolverson (2010624). The G20's Twenty Agendas.  Council on Foreign Relations. 2012327

(十)^ Recession recovery tops G20 agenda. Qatar: Al Jazeera. (2010628). http://english.aljazeera.net/news/2010/06/2010627114252622620.html 201246 

(11)^ Rhodri Davies (2010626). G20:Battles within and outside. Qatar: Al Jazeera. http://english.aljazeera.net/focus/2010/06/201062571713780493.html 201246 

(12)^ Forgotten Goals. Qatar: Al Jazeera. (2010627). http://english.aljazeera.net/programmes/insidestory/2010/06/2010624125511683950.html 201246 

(13)^ G20 police didn't have time to prepare: chief. CBC News (CBC.ca). (2010624). http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/story/2011/06/24/g20-police-union-report652.html 201247 

(14)^ Peter Kuitenbrouwer (2010622). Downtown doesnt feel like home during G20. National Post (nationalpost.com). http://news.nationalpost.com/2010/06/22/peter-kuitenbrouwer-downtown-doesnt-feel-like-home-during-g20/ 2012327 

(15)^ Justin Skinner (2010625). Protesters gather at Allan Gardens to oppose G20 Summit. Toronto Star (InsideToronto). http://www.insidetoronto.com/news/article/839309--protesters-gather-at-allan-gardens-to-oppose-g20-summit 2012327 

(16)^ Nadia Moharib (2010628). Calgary cops return home from G8/G20 duty. Calgary Sun (Calgarysun.com). http://www.calgarysun.com/news/alberta/2010/06/28/14548506.html 2012327 

(17)^ abMary Beth Currie (201056). Canada: Toronto G8 and G20 Summits  Employer Planning Issues.  Mondaq.com. 20105292012327

(18)^ Siri Agrell (201056). It's a bird, it's a plane, it's a terrifying display of military might. The Globe and Mail (Toronto: theglobeandmail.com). 2010511. https://web.archive.org/web/20100511031943/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/g8-g20/blog-local-view/its-a-bird-its-a-plane-its-a-terrifying-display-of-military-might/article1558886/ 2012327 

(19)^ Susan Delacourt (2010528). G20 security tab: What else could $1B buy?. Toronto Star (thestar.com). 201061. https://web.archive.org/web/20100601080201/http://www.thestar.com/news/canada/article/816123--what-can-1-billion-buy?bn=1 2010620 

(20)^ Security chief defends high cost of G8-G20 summits. CTV News. (2010528). 2010530. https://web.archive.org/web/20100530062200/http://toronto.ctv.ca/servlet/an/local/CTVNews/20100528/g8-g20-costs-page-100528/20100528/?hub=TorontoNewHome 201064 

(21)^ abcdNoor Javed (2010618). G20 survival guide. Toronto Star (thestar.com). 2010621. https://web.archive.org/web/20100621072034/http://www.thestar.com/news/gta/article/825713--g20-survival-guide 2010620 

(22)^ Joanna Lavoie (2010528). G20 traffic and perimeter plans unveiled. Inside Toronto.  insidetoronto.com. 2012328

(23)^ Mary Ormsby (2010619). Fortress Toronto: Secrets of the fence. thestar.com. 2010623. https://web.archive.org/web/20100623014659/http://www.thestar.com/news/gta/torontog20summit/article/825908--fortress-toronto-secrets-of-the-fence? 2012326 

(24)^ Kenyon Wallace (2010610). G20: Toronto's controversial security fence cost $5.5-million. National Post (nationalpost.com). 2010613. https://web.archive.org/web/20100613000602/http://news.nationalpost.com/2010/06/10/g20-torontos-controversial-security-fence-cost-5-5-million/ 2012327 

(25)^ Police sound off on G20 security tools.  Globalnational.com (201063). 2010620

(26)^ Jesse McLean (2010621). Police add water cannon to G20 arsenal. Toronto Star (thestar.com). 2010625. https://web.archive.org/web/20100625002916/http://www.thestar.com/news/gta/torontog20summit/article/826245--police-add-water-cannon-to-g20-arsenal?bn=1 2010624 

(27)^ Protesters prepare for G20 demonstrations. CTV Toronto.  Toronto.ctv.ca (2010511). 2012327

(28)^ Police chief reconfirms that Queen's Park will be designated protest area during G20. CP24. (2010511). http://www.cp24.com/servlet/an/local/CTVNews/20100511/100511_protest/20100511/?hub=CP24Home 2012327 

(29)^ Siri Agrell (201054). Keep those cards and letters coming .... The Globe and Mail (Toronto: theglobeandmail.com). http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/g8-g20/blog-local-view/keep-those-cards-and-letters-coming/article1555282/ 2012327 

(30)^ Collin D'Mello (2010616). Trees could be removed around Metro Toronto Convention Centre for summit. CFTR (AM) (680News). http://www.680news.com/news/local/article/67011--trees-could-be-removed-around-metro-convention-centre-for-summit 2012327 

(31)^ G20: Is security going too far?. Cbc.ca. (2010617). http://www.cbc.ca/news/pointofview/2010/06/g20-is-security-going-too-far.html 2012327 

(32)^ 

(33)^ Fortress Toronto. National Post. (2010618). http://nationalpostnews.files.wordpress.com/2010/06/g20-fortress-new.jpg 2012327 

(34)^ Richard Blackwell (201059). Banks make plans for employees to work off-site during G20. Toronto: The Globe and Mail. 2010513. https://web.archive.org/web/20100513191326/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/g8-g20/news/banks-make-plans-for-employees-to-work-off-site-during-g20/article1562639/ 2012327 

(35)^ Police ride herd as G20 protesters march the streets. CTV News.  Toronto.ctv.ca (2010429). 20106242012327

(36)^ Amid G20 security concerns, CN Tower to be shut. CTV News.  Toronto.ctv.ca (2010516). 2010520

(37)^ U of T to shut down during G20 Summit. CTV News.  Toronto.ctv.ca (2010524). 20105302012327

(38)^ AGO to close for G20 weekend. CBC News (CBC.ca). (201067). http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/story/2010/06/07/g20-ago-closing.html 2012327 

(39)^ Rob Ferguson (201063). Legislature closing for G20 summit. Toronto Star (thestar.com). 201065. https://web.archive.org/web/20100605071109/http://www.thestar.com/news/gta/torontog20summit/article/818484 2012327 

(40)^ Mark Zwolinski (2010511). G20 summit scuppers Halladay's first trip to Toronto as a Philly. Toronto Star (thestar.com). 2010514. https://web.archive.org/web/20100514101920/http://www.thestar.com/sports/baseball/article/807716--g20-summit-scuppers-halladay-s-first-trip-to-toronto-as-a-phillie 2012327 

(41)^ Halladay's Return To Toronto Is Rerouted to Philadelphia. The New York Times. Associated Press (NYTimes.com). (2010511). http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/12/sports/baseball/12bats.html?scp=1&sq=toronto&st=cse 2010520 

(42)^ Canada (2010511). Jays-Phillies series moving to Philadelphia. Toronto: The Globe and Mail. 2010514. https://web.archive.org/web/20100514124128/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/baseball/jays---phillies-series-moving-to-philadelphia/article1564925/? 2010520 

(43)^ Adam Hetrick (2010618). G20 Summit Forces Cancellation of Toronto Mamma Mia! and Rock of Ages Performances. Playbill (Playbill.com). http://www.playbill.com/news/article/140550-G20-Summit-Forces-Cancellation-of-Toronto-Mamma-Mia-and-Rock-of-Ages-Performances 2012327 

(44)^ John Coulbourne (201064). G20 summit dims Toronto musicals.  Jam.canoe.ca. 2012327

(45)^ G8-G20 wireless signal blockers unlikely to leave cell phone users in a jam. CFTR (AM). The Canadian Press (680News). (201069). http://www.680news.com/g20/article/64725--g8-g20-wireless-signal-blockers-unlikely-to-leave-cell-phone-users-in-a-jam 2010620 

(46)^ Don Peat (2010528). G20 should cause only token disruption of TTC. Toronto Sun (torontosun.com). http://www.torontosun.com/news/torontoandgta/2010/05/28/14179256.html 2012327 

(47)^ Via Rail to close at Union Station during G20. CTV News. Canadian Press (Toronto.ctv.ca). (2009726). http://toronto.ctv.ca/servlet/an/local/CTVNews/20100603/via-rail-g20-100603/20100603/?hub=TorontoNewHome 2012327 

(48)^ Tom Godfrey (201069). Fighter jets on alert during G20. Toronto Sun (torontosun.com). http://www.torontosun.com/news/torontoandgta/2010/06/09/14326041.html 2012326 

(49)^ Business as usual for Porter?. The Globe and Mail (Toronto: theglobeandmail). (201055). 2010511. https://web.archive.org/web/20100511055654/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/g8-g20/blog-local-view/business-as-usual-for-porter/article1557544/ 2012327 

(50)^ G20 forces Toronto school bus cancellations. CBC News. The Canadian Press (cbc.ca). (2010618). http://www.cbc.ca/canada/toronto/story/2010/06/18/toronto-g20-school-buses.html 2012327 

(51)^ Media Centre.  G20.gc.ca (2010428). 2010531201244

(52)^ G8/G20 organizer says marketing Canada worth cost. CTV News (Ottawa.ctv.ca). (2010613). 2010616. https://web.archive.org/web/20100616014146/http://ottawa.ctv.ca/servlet/an/local/CTVNews/20100613/g8-g20-costs-100613/20100613/?hub=OttawaHome 2012327 

(53)^ G20 media centre with fake lake to cost $1.9 million. Toronto Star. The Canadian Press (thestar.com). (2010610). http://www.thestar.com/news/torontog20summit/article/819841--g20-media-centre-with-fake-lake-to-cost-1-9m 2012327 

(54)^ Siri Agrell (2010617). Ottawa steered clear of corporate sponsorships for G8-G20. The Globe and Mail (Toronto: theglobeandmail.com). 2010620. https://web.archive.org/web/20100620000221/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/g8-g20/news/ottawa-steered-clear-of-corporate-sponsorships-for-g8-g20/article1608401/ 2012327 

(55)^ Heather Scoffield (201067). Fake lake part of $1.9M G20/G8 Toronto media centre. Toronto Star (thestar.com). http://www.thestar.com/news/world/g8/article/820057--fake-lake-part-of-1-9m-g20-g8-toronto-media-centre?bn=1 2012327 

(56)^ PM defends G8 fake lake pavilion. CBC News (cbc.ca). (201068). 2010611. https://web.archive.org/web/20100611053655/http://www.cbc.ca/canada/story/2010/06/08/g20-fakelake-costs.html 2012327 

(57)^ Canadian Prime Minister invites Malawi, Ethiopia, for G20 summit in Toronto.  New Sudan Vision (2010510). 20109292012327

(58)^ abG8 Invites 7 African Countries to Muskoka.  Voice of America (2010623). 2012327

(59)^ Tonda MacCharles (2010614). Chinese president to make extended visit to Canada. Toronto Star (thestar.com). http://www.thestar.com/news/canada/article/823204--chinese-president-to-make-extended-visit-to-canada 2012327 

(60)^ Leaders begin arriving for G8, G20. Toronto Star (thestar.com). (2010624). http://www.thestar.com/news/gta/torontog20summit/article/827910--leaders-begin-arriving-for-g8-g20?bn=1 2012327 

(61)^ abLeaders arrive in Canada ahead of G8/G20 summits. CTV News.  CTV.ca (2010624). 2012327

(62)^ Iuri Dantas (2010625). Lula Will Skip G-20 Summit to Oversee Brazil Flood Relief, Official Says. Bloomberg. http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-06-25/lula-will-skip-g-20-summit-to-oversee-brazil-flood-relief-official-says.html 2012327 

(63)^ Jane Wardell (2010628). Britain's Cameron bolsters reputation at summits. The Boston Globe (boston.com). http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2010/06/28/britains_cameron_bolsters_reputation_at_summits/ 2010928 

(64)^ abcdefghijklmnThe G20 Leaders Make an Entrance; Heads of State are Greeted by Mounties as They Arrive for the Summit. Maclean's (macleans.ca). (25 June 2010, retrieved 2012-03-26). http://www2.macleans.ca/2010/06/25/the-g20-leaders-make-an-entrance/ 

(65)^ abcRomain Gubert (2010626). Quatre Français pour rien (French). Le Point (lepoint.fr). http://www.lepoint.fr/business/quatre-francais-pour-rien-26-06-2010-470729_51.php 2012326 

(66)^ Prime Minister's biography.  Government of Canada (2010726). 201242

(67)^ abRaveena Aulakh (2010625). Are pandas Chinas G20 gift to Toronto?. Toronto Star (thestar.com) 

(68)^ Packed Schedule Awaits Manmohan Singh in Toronto. Hindustan Times (New Delhi). (2010626). http://www.hindustantimes.com/Packed-schedule-awaits-Manmohan-Singh-in-Toronto/Article1-563329.aspx 2012326 

(69)^ Xavier, Luciana. "G-20 deve definir meta de reform a para aprovação em novembro," Estadão (Brazil). June 26, 2010, retrieved 2011-04-06; Moura, Fabiola. "Brazil Calls 'Draconian' Goal to Halve G-20 Nations' Deficits," Bloomberg Businessweek (US). June 26, 2010, retrieved 2011-04-06.

(70)^ Arriba Calderón a Toronto para participar en Cumbre de G-20. La Crónica de Hoy (Mexico City: cronica.com.mx). (2010626). http://www.cronica.com.mx/nota.php?id_nota=515014 2012326 

(71)^ Sandra O'Malley (2010626). Swan to take International Stage at G20. The Sydney Morning Herald (smh.com). http://news.smh.com.au/breaking-news-world/swan-to-take-international-stage-at-g20-20100626-zahn.html 2012327 

(72)^ Sewell Chan and Jackie Calmes (2010626). We're staying put, Obama warns North Korea. The Sydney Morning Herald (smh.com.au). http://www.smh.com.au/world/were-staying-put-obama-warns-north-korea-20100627-zc33.html 2012326 

(73)^ Syed Rachid Husain (2010628). G20 leaders agree to disagree. Arab News (Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: arabnews.com). http://arabnews.com/world/article74663.ece 2011326 

(74)^ Kingdom's G20 participation reflects its stature. arabnews.com. (2010627). http://arabnews.com/world/article74608.ece 2011326 

(75)^ Okan Haksever (2010627). Erdogan Toronto'ya Mavi Marmara dosyasiyla gitti. Dünya Bülteni (Turkey) 

(76)^ abDifferences on Economy Set to Play out in Toronto. The Hindu (Chennai: thehindu.com). (2010625). http://www.thehindu.com/business/Economy/article484949.ece 2012326 

(77)^ Sebastián Campanario (2010626). Cristina dirá ante las potencias que no hay una sola salida para la crisis (Spanish). Los Andes (losandes.com.ar). http://www.losandes.com.ar/notas/2010/6/26/politica-498796.asp 201146 

(78)^ abcdePM announces participation of key leaders at the Toronto G-20 Summit this June.  Government of Canada (201058). 2012326

(79)^ Zapatero pide ante los líderes de la cumbre imponer "deberes" a los mercados (Spanish). La Razón (Madrid: larazon.es). (2010627) 

(80)^ Balkenende in Canada voor G20-top (Dutch). RTL Nieuws (rtl.nl). (2010627). http://www.rtl.nl/%28/actueel/rtlnieuws/binnenland/%29/components/actueel/rtlnieuws/2010/06_juni/26/binnenland/balkenende-in-canada-voor-g20_top.xml 2012326 

(81)^ Olivia Ward (2010626). Ban Ki-moon at G20 as 'defender of the defenceless'. Toronto Star (thestar.com). http://www.thestar.com/news/world/article/829237--ban-ki-moon-at-g20-as-defender-of-the-defenceless 2012326 

(82)^ abAngel Gurría, OECD Secretary-General (CV).  OCED. 2012323

(83)^ Bob Davis (2010628). G-20 Agrees to Cut Debt. The Wall Street Journal (New York City: wsj.com). http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704212804575332663623363920.html 2012323 

(84)^ Biography of Juan Somavia, Director-General.  International Labour Organization (2011114). 2012323

(85)^ Mahmood Hasan (201074). Rich man, poor man. The Daily Star (Dhaka: dailystar.net). http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=145223 2012326 

(86)^ Les Whittington and Bruce Campion-Smith (2010625). G20 set to tackle sharp differences over economic policy. Toronto Star (thestar.com). http://www.thestar.com/news/gta/torontog20summit/article/828930--g20-set-to-tackle-sharp-differences-over-economic-policy 2012326 

(87)^ abPradumna B. Rana (201076). How can Asia strengthen its voice at G-20?. The Korea Times (koreatimes.co.kr). http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/opinon/2010/07/137_68891.html 2012326 

(88)^ RBC firebombed as protest, group claims. CBC News (CBC.ca). (201058). http://www.cbc.ca/canada/ottawa/story/2010/05/18/ott-glebe-bank-fire.html 2012323 

(89)^ Gail Swainson (2010521). Ottawa firebombing proves security need, Clement says. Toronto Star (thestar.com). http://www.thestar.com/news/gta/article/812976--ottawa-firebombing-proves-security-need-clement-says 2010928 

(90)^ Cameron French and Pav Jordan (2010617). Toronto G20 protest hints at more to come. Reuters (Canada). 2010622. https://web.archive.org/web/20100622091653/http://ca.reuters.com/article/topNews/idCATRE65E4RB20100617?pageNumber=1&virtualBrandChannel=0 2012323 

(91)^ Yang, Jennifer; Casey, Liam (2010622). G20 turning downtown Toronto into a ghost town. thestar.com. 2010626. https://web.archive.org/web/20100626093646/http://www.thestar.com/news/gta/article/827058--gays-lesbians-hold-g20-kiss-in?bn=1 2010624 

(92)^ Poisson, Jayme (2010621). G20 protesters try to take over downtown property. Toronto Star (thestar.com). 2010625. https://web.archive.org/web/20100625043412/http://www.thestar.com/news/gta/torontog20summit/article/826478--g20-protesters-try-to-take-over-downtown-property?bn=1 2010622 

(93)^ Edwards, Peter (2010624). First nations demonstrators take over downtown streets. Toronto Star (thestar.com). 2010627. https://web.archive.org/web/20100627143516/http://www.thestar.com/news/gta/article/827924--first-nations-demonstrators-take-over-downtown-streets?bn=1 2012324 

(94)^ Riot police turn back largest G20 protest yet. CTV News.  Toronto.ctv.ca (2010625). 20106282012324

(95)^ Protests continue in Toronto as G20 nears. CBC News (CBC.ca). (2010622). 2010625. https://web.archive.org/web/20100625060457/http://www.cbc.ca/canada/toronto/story/2010/06/22/g20-tuesdayprotestors.html 2012324 

(96)^ The Canadian Press (2010626). Violent Black Bloc tactics on display at G20 protest. Toronto Star (thestar.com). 2010630. https://web.archive.org/web/20100630071652/http://www.thestar.com/news/gta/torontog20summit/article/829168--violent-black-bloc-tactics-on-display-at-g20-protest?bn=1 2010627 

(97)^ Police attempt to clear crowds amid G20 unrest. CTV News.  Toronto.ctv.ca (2010626). 20106282012323

(98)^ TTC lines, Eaton Centre locked down as protests heat up. CTV News.  Toronto.ctv.ca (2010626). 20106302012323

(99)^ Jesse Ship (2010628). Another large demonstration follows the G20. CFTO-DT. http://toronto.ctv.ca/servlet/an/local/CTVNews/20100628/toronto-g20-anti-police-rally-100628/20100628/?hub=TorontoNewHome 20101113 

(100)^ Jesse McLean (2010629). Police defend crowd trap at Queen and Spadina. Toronto Star (thestar.com). 201071. https://web.archive.org/web/20100701151357/http://www.thestar.com/news/gta/article/829642--police-defend-crowd-trap-at-queen-and-spadina 2012323 

(101)^ Jill Mahoney and Ann Hui (2010629). G20-related mass arrests unique in Canadian history. The Globe and Mail (theglobeandmail.com). http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/g8-g20/news/g20-related-mass-arrests-unique-in-canadian-history/article1621198/ 201245 

(102)^ Jennifer Yang (2010625). G20 law gives police sweeping powers to arrest people. Toronto Star (thestar.com). 2010628. https://web.archive.org/web/20100628022808/http://www.thestar.com/news/gta/article/828367--g20-law-gives-police-sweeping-powers-to-arrest-people 2012324 

(103)^ Chief admits 5-metre G20 security rule didn't exist. The Globe and Mail. The Canadian Press (theglobeandmail.com). (20101222). http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/toronto/police-admit-deliberately-misleading-public-on-expanded-security-fence-law/article1622864/ 2012323 

(104)^ Jesse Ship (2010628). I will not forget what they have done to me. Toronto Star (thestar.com). http://www.thestar.com/news/gta/torontog20summit/article/829921--i-will-not-forget-what-they-have-done-to-me?bn=1 2012323 

(105)^ G20 lacks governing instruments. RT News. (2010628). https://rt.com/politics/roar-russia-g20-g8/ 2012323 

(106)^ Zuma urges more partnerships at G20 dinner. Independent Online. (2010627). http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=6&art_id=nw20100627065853768C239086 2012323 

(107)^ Howard Schneider (2010628). President Obama urges G-20 nations to spend; they pledge to halve deficits. The Washington Post (washingtonpost.com). http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/06/26/AR2010062604314.html?sid=ST2010062604320 2012328 

(108)^ abHarper applauds summit outcome but says G20 still has a lot more to do. CP24. (2010628). http://www.cp24.com/servlet/an/local/CTVNews/20100628/100628_harper_g20/20100628/?hub=CP24Home 2012327 

(109)^ Outcome of the Toronto G20 summit.  Federal Ministry of Finance (Germany) (2010629). 2012327

(110)^ Whittingon, Les; Bruce Campion-Smith and Richard J. Brennan (2010627). G20 adopts Canadian compromise on deficits, bank tax. Toronto Star (thestar.com). http://www.thestar.com/news/gta/torontog20summit/article/829266--g20-adopts-canadian-compromise-on-deficits-bank-tax 2012327 

(111)^ Clark Gascoigne (23 April 2010). "G20 Finance Ministers Communiqué is Released" (Press release). Task Force on Financial Integrity and Economic Development. 2012327

(112)^ G-20 Toronto Summit Addresses Energy Subsidies, Climate Change and Food Security.  International Institute for Sustainable Development (27 June s010). 2012327

(113)^ G20.  . 20121226

(114)^ The G20 Toronto summit declaration.  Government of Canada (201123). 2012327

(115)^ David Rider (2010222). Toronto warns Ottawa on G20 costs. Toronto Star (thestar.com). http://www.thestar.com/news/gta/torontog20summit/article/769614--toronto-warns-ottawa-on-g20-costs 2012330 

(116)^ Stephen Pate (2010627). $1 billion price tag for G20 security and climbing. Oye! Times (oyetimes.com). http://www.oyetimes.com/views/columns/3186-1-billion-price-tag-for-g20-security-and-climbing 201241 

(117)^ abcSecurity chief defends high cost of G8-G20 summits. CTV.ca. (2010528). http://www.ctv.ca/CTVNews/Canada/20100528/g8-g20-costs-page-100528/?s_name=&no_ads= 2012330 

(118)^ abJon Sufrin (2010526). $833-million security bill for G20 and G8 called 'insane'. Toronto Life (torontolife.com). http://www.torontolife.com/daily/informer/summit-survivor/2010/05/26/833-million-security-bill-for-g20-and-g8-called-insane/ 201241 

(119)^ Janice Tibbetts (2010623). Tories 'transparent' on security costs: Watchdog. Ottawa Citizen. Canwest News Service (canada.com). http://www.canada.com/news/Federal+government+transparent+summit+security+costs+Watchdog/3192674/story.html 201245 

(120)^ Financial reform taking too long: Flaherty. CTV News.  CTV.ca (201067). 2012328

(121)^ G20 summit's $2 million "fake lake" has Canadian taxpayers in stitches.  Loon (Canada) (2010628). 2012328

(122)^ Tories say artificial lake will help 'showcase Canada'. CTV News.  CTV.ca (201067). 2012328

(123)^ Bryn Weese (201067). 'Fake lake' flak dogs PM. Toronto Sun (Torontosun.com). http://www.torontosun.com/news/canada/2010/06/07/14291091.html 2012328 

(124)^ abJane Taber (201067). Tories pilloried for fake lake at G8/G20 media centre. The Globe and Mail (theglobeandmail.com). 2010915. https://web.archive.org/web/20100915141804/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/ottawa-notebook/tories-pilloried-for-fake-lake-at-g8g20-media-centre/article1595348/ 2012=03-28 

(125)^ Siri Agrell (201067). Ottawa defends $1.9-million taste of Muskoka at G20 media centre. The Globe and Mail (theglobeandmail.com). http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/g8-g20/news/ottawa-defends-19-million-taste-of-muskoka-at-g20-media-centre/article1595709/ 2012328 

(126)^ David Rider (2010623). G20 'Fake Lake' makes its debut. Toronto Star (thestar.com). http://www.thestar.com/news/gta/torontog20summit/article/827453--g20-fake-lake-makes-its-debut 2012328 

(127)^ Jesse McLean (201067). Lessons for G20 security from Vancouver Olympics. Toronto Star (theStar.com). http://www.thestar.com/news/torontog20summit/article/820332--lessons-for-g20-security-from-vancouver-olympics 2012328 

(128)^ Advocates want compensation for T.O. businesses. CTV News Toronto (CTV.ca). (2010626). http://toronto.ctv.ca/servlet/an/local/CTVNews/20100629/toronto-riot-compensation-businesses-100629/20100629/?hub=TorontoNewHome 2012328 

(129)^ David Rider and Susan Delacourt (2010629). Pressure builds on Ottawa for compensation. Toronto Star (thestar.com). http://www.thestar.com/news/gta/article/829912--pressure-builds-on-ottawa-for-compensation?bn=1 2012328 

(130)^ Jesse McLean (2010618). U.S. issues G20 travel alert for Toronto. Toronto Star (thestar.com). http://www.thestar.com/news/gta/torontog20summit/article/824844--u-s-issues-g20-travel-alert-for-toronto?bn=1 201243 

(131)^ World media buzzing about cost of G20 security and fake lake. The Canadian Press. CP24. (2010626). http://www.cp24.com/servlet/an/local/CTVNews/20100626/100626_cost_g20/20100626/?hub=CP24Home 201243 

(132)^ Bill Curry (2010627). Sarkozy says his G8/G20 will cost one-tenth of Canadas. The Globe and Mail (theglobeandmail.com). http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/g8-g20/news/sarkozy-says-his-g8g20-will-cost-one-tenth-of-canadas/article1619637/ 201243 

外部リンク[編集]