Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), also known as NR3A1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group A, member 1), is one of two main types of estrogen receptor, a nuclear receptor (mainly found as a chromatin-binding protein[5]) that is activated by the sex hormone estrogen. In humans, ERα is encoded by the gene ESR1 (EStrogen Receptor 1).[6][7][8]
The estrogen receptor (ER) is a ligand-activated transcription factor composed of several domains important for hormone binding, DNA binding, and activationoftranscription.[9] Alternative splicing results in several ESR1 mRNA transcripts, which differ primarily in their 5-prime untranslated regions. The translated receptors show less variability.[10][11]
Agonists of ERα selective over ERβ include:
Antagonists of ERα selective over ERβ include:
Ligand | Other names | Relative binding affinities (RBA, %)a | Absolute binding affinities (Ki, nM)a | Action | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ERα | ERβ | ERα | ERβ | |||
Estradiol | E2; 17β-Estradiol | 100 | 100 | 0.115 (0.04–0.24) | 0.15 (0.10–2.08) | Estrogen |
Estrone | E1; 17-Ketoestradiol | 16.39 (0.7–60) | 6.5 (1.36–52) | 0.445 (0.3–1.01) | 1.75 (0.35–9.24) | Estrogen |
Estriol | E3; 16α-OH-17β-E2 | 12.65 (4.03–56) | 26 (14.0–44.6) | 0.45 (0.35–1.4) | 0.7 (0.63–0.7) | Estrogen |
Estetrol | E4; 15α,16α-Di-OH-17β-E2 | 4.0 | 3.0 | 4.9 | 19 | Estrogen |
Alfatradiol | 17α-Estradiol | 20.5 (7–80.1) | 8.195 (2–42) | 0.2–0.52 | 0.43–1.2 | Metabolite |
16-Epiestriol | 16β-Hydroxy-17β-estradiol | 7.795 (4.94–63) | 50 | ? | ? | Metabolite |
17-Epiestriol | 16α-Hydroxy-17α-estradiol | 55.45 (29–103) | 79–80 | ? | ? | Metabolite |
16,17-Epiestriol | 16β-Hydroxy-17α-estradiol | 1.0 | 13 | ? | ? | Metabolite |
2-Hydroxyestradiol | 2-OH-E2 | 22 (7–81) | 11–35 | 2.5 | 1.3 | Metabolite |
2-Methoxyestradiol | 2-MeO-E2 | 0.0027–2.0 | 1.0 | ? | ? | Metabolite |
4-Hydroxyestradiol | 4-OH-E2 | 13 (8–70) | 7–56 | 1.0 | 1.9 | Metabolite |
4-Methoxyestradiol | 4-MeO-E2 | 2.0 | 1.0 | ? | ? | Metabolite |
2-Hydroxyestrone | 2-OH-E1 | 2.0–4.0 | 0.2–0.4 | ? | ? | Metabolite |
2-Methoxyestrone | 2-MeO-E1 | <0.001–<1 | <1 | ? | ? | Metabolite |
4-Hydroxyestrone | 4-OH-E1 | 1.0–2.0 | 1.0 | ? | ? | Metabolite |
4-Methoxyestrone | 4-MeO-E1 | <1 | <1 | ? | ? | Metabolite |
16α-Hydroxyestrone | 16α-OH-E1; 17-Ketoestriol | 2.0–6.5 | 35 | ? | ? | Metabolite |
2-Hydroxyestriol | 2-OH-E3 | 2.0 | 1.0 | ? | ? | Metabolite |
4-Methoxyestriol | 4-MeO-E3 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ? | ? | Metabolite |
Estradiol sulfate | E2S; Estradiol 3-sulfate | <1 | <1 | ? | ? | Metabolite |
Estradiol disulfate | Estradiol 3,17β-disulfate | 0.0004 | ? | ? | ? | Metabolite |
Estradiol 3-glucuronide | E2-3G | 0.0079 | ? | ? | ? | Metabolite |
Estradiol 17β-glucuronide | E2-17G | 0.0015 | ? | ? | ? | Metabolite |
Estradiol 3-gluc. 17β-sulfate | E2-3G-17S | 0.0001 | ? | ? | ? | Metabolite |
Estrone sulfate | E1S; Estrone 3-sulfate | <1 | <1 | >10 | >10 | Metabolite |
Estradiol benzoate | EB; Estradiol 3-benzoate | 10 | ? | ? | ? | Estrogen |
Estradiol 17β-benzoate | E2-17B | 11.3 | 32.6 | ? | ? | Estrogen |
Estrone methyl ether | Estrone 3-methyl ether | 0.145 | ? | ? | ? | Estrogen |
ent-Estradiol | 1-Estradiol | 1.31–12.34 | 9.44–80.07 | ? | ? | Estrogen |
Equilin | 7-Dehydroestrone | 13 (4.0–28.9) | 13.0–49 | 0.79 | 0.36 | Estrogen |
Equilenin | 6,8-Didehydroestrone | 2.0–15 | 7.0–20 | 0.64 | 0.62 | Estrogen |
17β-Dihydroequilin | 7-Dehydro-17β-estradiol | 7.9–113 | 7.9–108 | 0.09 | 0.17 | Estrogen |
17α-Dihydroequilin | 7-Dehydro-17α-estradiol | 18.6 (18–41) | 14–32 | 0.24 | 0.57 | Estrogen |
17β-Dihydroequilenin | 6,8-Didehydro-17β-estradiol | 35–68 | 90–100 | 0.15 | 0.20 | Estrogen |
17α-Dihydroequilenin | 6,8-Didehydro-17α-estradiol | 20 | 49 | 0.50 | 0.37 | Estrogen |
Δ8-Estradiol | 8,9-Dehydro-17β-estradiol | 68 | 72 | 0.15 | 0.25 | Estrogen |
Δ8-Estrone | 8,9-Dehydroestrone | 19 | 32 | 0.52 | 0.57 | Estrogen |
Ethinylestradiol | EE; 17α-Ethynyl-17β-E2 | 120.9 (68.8–480) | 44.4 (2.0–144) | 0.02–0.05 | 0.29–0.81 | Estrogen |
Mestranol | EE 3-methyl ether | ? | 2.5 | ? | ? | Estrogen |
Moxestrol | RU-2858; 11β-Methoxy-EE | 35–43 | 5–20 | 0.5 | 2.6 | Estrogen |
Methylestradiol | 17α-Methyl-17β-estradiol | 70 | 44 | ? | ? | Estrogen |
Diethylstilbestrol | DES; Stilbestrol | 129.5 (89.1–468) | 219.63 (61.2–295) | 0.04 | 0.05 | Estrogen |
Hexestrol | Dihydrodiethylstilbestrol | 153.6 (31–302) | 60–234 | 0.06 | 0.06 | Estrogen |
Dienestrol | Dehydrostilbestrol | 37 (20.4–223) | 56–404 | 0.05 | 0.03 | Estrogen |
Benzestrol (B2) | – | 114 | ? | ? | ? | Estrogen |
Chlorotrianisene | TACE | 1.74 | ? | 15.30 | ? | Estrogen |
Triphenylethylene | TPE | 0.074 | ? | ? | ? | Estrogen |
Triphenylbromoethylene | TPBE | 2.69 | ? | ? | ? | Estrogen |
Tamoxifen | ICI-46,474 | 3 (0.1–47) | 3.33 (0.28–6) | 3.4–9.69 | 2.5 | SERM |
Afimoxifene | 4-Hydroxytamoxifen; 4-OHT | 100.1 (1.7–257) | 10 (0.98–339) | 2.3 (0.1–3.61) | 0.04–4.8 | SERM |
Toremifene | 4-Chlorotamoxifen; 4-CT | ? | ? | 7.14–20.3 | 15.4 | SERM |
Clomifene | MRL-41 | 25 (19.2–37.2) | 12 | 0.9 | 1.2 | SERM |
Cyclofenil | F-6066; Sexovid | 151–152 | 243 | ? | ? | SERM |
Nafoxidine | U-11,000A | 30.9–44 | 16 | 0.3 | 0.8 | SERM |
Raloxifene | – | 41.2 (7.8–69) | 5.34 (0.54–16) | 0.188–0.52 | 20.2 | SERM |
Arzoxifene | LY-353,381 | ? | ? | 0.179 | ? | SERM |
Lasofoxifene | CP-336,156 | 10.2–166 | 19.0 | 0.229 | ? | SERM |
Ormeloxifene | Centchroman | ? | ? | 0.313 | ? | SERM |
Levormeloxifene | 6720-CDRI; NNC-460,020 | 1.55 | 1.88 | ? | ? | SERM |
Ospemifene | Deaminohydroxytoremifene | 0.82–2.63 | 0.59–1.22 | ? | ? | SERM |
Bazedoxifene | – | ? | ? | 0.053 | ? | SERM |
Etacstil | GW-5638 | 4.30 | 11.5 | ? | ? | SERM |
ICI-164,384 | – | 63.5 (3.70–97.7) | 166 | 0.2 | 0.08 | Antiestrogen |
Fulvestrant | ICI-182,780 | 43.5 (9.4–325) | 21.65 (2.05–40.5) | 0.42 | 1.3 | Antiestrogen |
Propylpyrazoletriol | PPT | 49 (10.0–89.1) | 0.12 | 0.40 | 92.8 | ERα agonist |
16α-LE2 | 16α-Lactone-17β-estradiol | 14.6–57 | 0.089 | 0.27 | 131 | ERα agonist |
16α-Iodo-E2 | 16α-Iodo-17β-estradiol | 30.2 | 2.30 | ? | ? | ERα agonist |
Methylpiperidinopyrazole | MPP | 11 | 0.05 | ? | ? | ERα antagonist |
Diarylpropionitrile | DPN | 0.12–0.25 | 6.6–18 | 32.4 | 1.7 | ERβ agonist |
8β-VE2 | 8β-Vinyl-17β-estradiol | 0.35 | 22.0–83 | 12.9 | 0.50 | ERβ agonist |
Prinaberel | ERB-041; WAY-202,041 | 0.27 | 67–72 | ? | ? | ERβ agonist |
ERB-196 | WAY-202,196 | ? | 180 | ? | ? | ERβ agonist |
Erteberel | SERBA-1; LY-500,307 | ? | ? | 2.68 | 0.19 | ERβ agonist |
SERBA-2 | – | ? | ? | 14.5 | 1.54 | ERβ agonist |
Coumestrol | – | 9.225 (0.0117–94) | 64.125 (0.41–185) | 0.14–80.0 | 0.07–27.0 | Xenoestrogen |
Genistein | – | 0.445 (0.0012–16) | 33.42 (0.86–87) | 2.6–126 | 0.3–12.8 | Xenoestrogen |
Equol | – | 0.2–0.287 | 0.85 (0.10–2.85) | ? | ? | Xenoestrogen |
Daidzein | – | 0.07 (0.0018–9.3) | 0.7865 (0.04–17.1) | 2.0 | 85.3 | Xenoestrogen |
Biochanin A | – | 0.04 (0.022–0.15) | 0.6225 (0.010–1.2) | 174 | 8.9 | Xenoestrogen |
Kaempferol | – | 0.07 (0.029–0.10) | 2.2 (0.002–3.00) | ? | ? | Xenoestrogen |
Naringenin | – | 0.0054 (<0.001–0.01) | 0.15 (0.11–0.33) | ? | ? | Xenoestrogen |
8-Prenylnaringenin | 8-PN | 4.4 | ? | ? | ? | Xenoestrogen |
Quercetin | – | <0.001–0.01 | 0.002–0.040 | ? | ? | Xenoestrogen |
Ipriflavone | – | <0.01 | <0.01 | ? | ? | Xenoestrogen |
Miroestrol | – | 0.39 | ? | ? | ? | Xenoestrogen |
Deoxymiroestrol | – | 2.0 | ? | ? | ? | Xenoestrogen |
β-Sitosterol | – | <0.001–0.0875 | <0.001–0.016 | ? | ? | Xenoestrogen |
Resveratrol | – | <0.001–0.0032 | ? | ? | ? | Xenoestrogen |
α-Zearalenol | – | 48 (13–52.5) | ? | ? | ? | Xenoestrogen |
β-Zearalenol | – | 0.6 (0.032–13) | ? | ? | ? | Xenoestrogen |
Zeranol | α-Zearalanol | 48–111 | ? | ? | ? | Xenoestrogen |
Taleranol | β-Zearalanol | 16 (13–17.8) | 14 | 0.8 | 0.9 | Xenoestrogen |
Zearalenone | ZEN | 7.68 (2.04–28) | 9.45 (2.43–31.5) | ? | ? | Xenoestrogen |
Zearalanone | ZAN | 0.51 | ? | ? | ? | Xenoestrogen |
Bisphenol A | BPA | 0.0315 (0.008–1.0) | 0.135 (0.002–4.23) | 195 | 35 | Xenoestrogen |
Endosulfan | EDS | <0.001–<0.01 | <0.01 | ? | ? | Xenoestrogen |
Kepone | Chlordecone | 0.0069–0.2 | ? | ? | ? | Xenoestrogen |
o,p'-DDT | – | 0.0073–0.4 | ? | ? | ? | Xenoestrogen |
p,p'-DDT | – | 0.03 | ? | ? | ? | Xenoestrogen |
Methoxychlor | p,p'-Dimethoxy-DDT | 0.01 (<0.001–0.02) | 0.01–0.13 | ? | ? | Xenoestrogen |
HPTE | Hydroxychlor; p,p'-OH-DDT | 1.2–1.7 | ? | ? | ? | Xenoestrogen |
Testosterone | T; 4-Androstenolone | <0.0001–<0.01 | <0.002–0.040 | >5000 | >5000 | Androgen |
Dihydrotestosterone | DHT; 5α-Androstanolone | 0.01 (<0.001–0.05) | 0.0059–0.17 | 221–>5000 | 73–1688 | Androgen |
Nandrolone | 19-Nortestosterone; 19-NT | 0.01 | 0.23 | 765 | 53 | Androgen |
Dehydroepiandrosterone | DHEA; Prasterone | 0.038 (<0.001–0.04) | 0.019–0.07 | 245–1053 | 163–515 | Androgen |
5-Androstenediol | A5; Androstenediol | 6 | 17 | 3.6 | 0.9 | Androgen |
4-Androstenediol | – | 0.5 | 0.6 | 23 | 19 | Androgen |
4-Androstenedione | A4; Androstenedione | <0.01 | <0.01 | >10000 | >10000 | Androgen |
3α-Androstanediol | 3α-Adiol | 0.07 | 0.3 | 260 | 48 | Androgen |
3β-Androstanediol | 3β-Adiol | 3 | 7 | 6 | 2 | Androgen |
Androstanedione | 5α-Androstanedione | <0.01 | <0.01 | >10000 | >10000 | Androgen |
Etiocholanedione | 5β-Androstanedione | <0.01 | <0.01 | >10000 | >10000 | Androgen |
Methyltestosterone | 17α-Methyltestosterone | <0.0001 | ? | ? | ? | Androgen |
Ethinyl-3α-androstanediol | 17α-Ethynyl-3α-adiol | 4.0 | <0.07 | ? | ? | Estrogen |
Ethinyl-3β-androstanediol | 17α-Ethynyl-3β-adiol | 50 | 5.6 | ? | ? | Estrogen |
Progesterone | P4; 4-Pregnenedione | <0.001–0.6 | <0.001–0.010 | ? | ? | Progestogen |
Norethisterone | NET; 17α-Ethynyl-19-NT | 0.085 (0.0015–<0.1) | 0.1 (0.01–0.3) | 152 | 1084 | Progestogen |
Norethynodrel | 5(10)-Norethisterone | 0.5 (0.3–0.7) | <0.1–0.22 | 14 | 53 | Progestogen |
Tibolone | 7α-Methylnorethynodrel | 0.5 (0.45–2.0) | 0.2–0.076 | ? | ? | Progestogen |
Δ4-Tibolone | 7α-Methylnorethisterone | 0.069–<0.1 | 0.027–<0.1 | ? | ? | Progestogen |
3α-Hydroxytibolone | – | 2.5 (1.06–5.0) | 0.6–0.8 | ? | ? | Progestogen |
3β-Hydroxytibolone | – | 1.6 (0.75–1.9) | 0.070–0.1 | ? | ? | Progestogen |
Footnotes: a = (1) Binding affinity values are of the format "median (range)" (# (#–#)), "range" (#–#), or "value" (#) depending on the values available. The full sets of values within the ranges can be found in the Wiki code. (2) Binding affinities were determined via displacement studies in a variety of in-vitro systems with labeled estradiol and human ERα and ERβ proteins (except the ERβ values from Kuiper et al. (1997), which are rat ERβ). Sources: See template page. |
ERα plays a role in the physiological development and function of a variety of organ systems to varying degrees, including the reproductive, central nervous, skeletal, and cardiovascular systems.[12] Accordingly, ERα is widely expressed throughout the body, including the uterus and ovary, male reproductive organs, mammary gland, bone, heart, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, liver, lung, kidney, spleen, and adipose tissue.[12][13][14] The development and function of these tissues is disrupted in animal models lacking active ERα genes, such as the ERα knockout mouse (ERKO), providing a preliminary understanding of ERα function at specific target organs.[12][15]
ERα is essential in the maturation of the female reproductive phenotype. In the absence of ERα, the ERKO mouse develops an adult uterus, indicating that ERα may not mediate the initial growth of the uterus.[12][13] However, ERα plays a role in the completion of this development, and the subsequent function of the tissue.[15] Activation of ERα is known to trigger cell proliferation in the uterus.[14] The uterus of female ERKO mice is hypoplastic, suggesting that ERα mediates mitosis and differentiation in the uterus in response to estrogen stimulation.[13]
Similarly, prepubertal female ERKO mice develop ovaries that are nearly indistinguishable from those of their wildtype counterparts. However, as the ERKO mice mature they progressively present an abnormal ovarian phenotype in both physiology and function.[13][15] Specifically, female ERKO mice develop enlarged ovaries containing hemorrhagic follicular cysts, which also lack the corpus luteum, and therefore do not ovulate.[12][13][15] This adult ovarian phenotype suggests that in the absence of ERα, estrogen is no longer able to perform negative feedback on the hypothalamus, resulting in chronically elevated LH levels and constant ovarian stimulation.[13] These results identify a pivotal role for ERα in the hypothalamus, in addition to its role in the estrogen-driven maturation through theca and interstitial cells of the ovary.[13]
ERα is similarly essential in the maturation and maintenance of the male reproductive phenotype, as male ERKO mice are infertile and present undersized testes.[12][15] The integrity of testicular structures of ERKO mice, such as the seminiferous tubules of the testes and the seminiferous epithelium, declines over time.[12][13] Furthermore, the reproductive performance of male ERKO mice is hindered by abnormalities in sexual physiology and behavior, such as impaired spermatogenesis and loss of intromission and ejaculatory responses.[12][13]
Estrogen stimulation of ERα is known to stimulate cell proliferation in breast tissue.[14] ERα is thought to be responsible for pubertal development of the adult phenotype, through mediation of mammary gland response to estrogens.[15] This role is consistent with the abnormalities of female ERKO mice: the epithelial ducts of female ERKO mice fail to grow beyond their pre-pubertal length, and lactational structures do not develop.[13] As a result, the functions of the mammary gland—including both lactation and release of prolactin—are greatly impaired in ERKO mice.[15]
Though its expression in bone is moderate, ERα is known to be responsible for maintenance of bone integrity.[14][15] It is hypothesized that estrogen stimulation of ERα may trigger the release of growth factors, such as epidermal growth factororinsulin-like growth factor-1, which in turn regulate bone development and maintenance.[15][13] Accordingly, male and female ERKO mice exhibit decreased bone length and size.[15][13]
Estrogen signaling through ERα appears to be responsible for various aspects of central nervous development, such as synaptogenesis and synaptic remodeling.[15] In the brain, ERα is found in hypothalamus, and preoptic area, and arcuate nucleus, all three of which have been linked to reproductive behavior, and the masculinization of the mouse brain appears to take place through ERα function.[12][15] Furthermore, studies in models of psychopathology and neurodegenerative disease states suggest that estrogen receptors mediate the neuroprotective role of estrogen in the brain.[12][14] Finally, ERα appears to mediate positive feedback effects of estrogen on the brain's secretion of GnRH and LH, by way increasing expression of kisspeptin in neurons of the arcuate nucleus and anteroventral periventricular nucleus.[16][17] Although classical studies have suggested that negative feedback effects of estrogen also operate through ERα, female mice lacking ERα in kisspeptin-expressing neurons continue to demonstrate a degree of negative feedback response.[18]
Estrogen insensitivity syndrome is a very rare condition characterized by a defective ERα that is insensitive to estrogens.[19][20][21][22] The clinical presentation of a female was observed to include absence of breast development and other female secondary sexual characteristicsatpuberty, hypoplastic uterus, primary amenorrhea, enlarged multicystic ovaries and associated lower abdominal pain, mild hyperandrogenism (manifested as cystic acne), and delayed bone maturation as well as an increased rate of bone turnover.[22] The clinical presentation in a male was reported to include lack of epiphyseal closure, tall stature, osteoporosis, and poor sperm viability.[21] Both individuals were completely insensitive to exogenous estrogen treatment, even with high doses.[21][22]
Genetic polymorphisms in the gene encoding the ERα have been associated with breast cancer in women, gynecomastia in men[23][24] and dysmenorrhea.[25]
In patients with breast cancer, mutations in the gene encoding ERα (ESR1) have been associated with resistance to endocrine therapy, especially aromatase inhibitors.[26]
Coactivators of ER-α include:
Estrogen receptor alpha has been shown to interact with:
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This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.
PDB gallery
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1a52: ESTROGEN RECEPTOR ALPHA LIGAND-BINDING DOMAIN COMPLEXED TO ESTRADIOL
1ere: HUMAN ESTROGEN RECEPTOR LIGAND-BINDING DOMAIN IN COMPLEX WITH 17BETA-ESTRADIOL
1err: HUMAN ESTROGEN RECEPTOR LIGAND-BINDING DOMAIN IN COMPLEX WITH RALOXIFENE
1g50: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF A WILD TYPE HER ALPHA LBD AT 2.9 ANGSTROM RESOLUTION
1gwq: HUMAN OESTROGEN RECEPTOR ALPHA LIGAND-BINDING DOMAIN IN COMPLEX WITH RALOXIFENE CORE AND TIF2 NRBOX2 PEPTIDE
1gwr: HUMAN OESTROGEN RECEPTOR ALPHA LIGAND-BINDING DOMAIN IN COMPLEX WITH 17BETA-OESTRADIOL AND TIF2 NRBOX3 PEPTIDE
1hcp: DNA RECOGNITION BY THE OESTROGEN RECEPTOR: FROM SOLUTION TO THE CRYSTAL
1hcq: THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE ESTROGEN RECEPTOR DNA-BINDING DOMAIN BOUND TO DNA: HOW RECEPTORS DISCRIMINATE BETWEEN THEIR RESPONSE ELEMENTS
1l2i: Human Estrogen Receptor alpha Ligand-binding Domain in Complex with (R,R)-5,11-cis-diethyl-5,6,11,12-tetrahydrochrysene-2,8-diol and a Glucocorticoid Receptor Interacting Protein 1 NR box II Peptide
1pcg: Helix-stabilized cyclic peptides as selective inhibitors of steroid receptor-coactivator interactions
1qkt: MUTANT ESTROGEN NUCLEAR RECEPTOR LIGAND BINDING DOMAIN COMPLEXED WITH ESTRADIOL
1qku: WILD TYPE ESTROGEN NUCLEAR RECEPTOR LIGAND BINDING DOMAIN COMPLEXED WITH ESTRADIOL
1r5k: Human Estrogen Receptor alpha Ligand-Binding Domain In Complex With GW5638
1sj0: Human Estrogen Receptor Alpha Ligand-binding Domain in Complex with the Antagonist Ligand 4-D
1uom: THE STRUCTURE OF ESTROGEN RECEPTOR IN COMPLEX WITH A SELECTIVE AND POTENT TETRAHYDROISOCHIOLIN LIGAND.
1x7e: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF ESTROGEN RECEPTOR ALPHA COMPLEXED WITH WAY-244
1x7r: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF ESTROGEN RECEPTOR ALPHA COMPLEXED WITH GENISTEIN
1xp1: HUMAN ESTROGEN RECEPTOR ALPHA LIGAND-BINDING DOMAIN IN COMPLEX WITH COMPOUND 15
1xp6: HUMAN ESTROGEN RECEPTOR ALPHA LIGAND-BINDING DOMAIN IN COMPLEX WITH COMPOUND 16
1xp9: HUMAN ESTROGEN RECEPTOR ALPHA LIGAND-BINDING DOMAIN IN COMPLEX WITH COMPOUND 18
1xpc: HUMAN ESTROGEN RECEPTOR ALPHA LIGAND-BINDING DOMAIN IN COMPLEX WITH COMPOUND 19
1xqc: X-ray structure of ERalpha LBD bound to a tetrahydroisoquinoline SERM ligand at 2.05A resolution
1yim: Human estrogen receptor alpha ligand-binding domain in complex with compound 4
1yin: Human estrogen receptor alpha ligand-binding domain in complex with compound 3F
1zky: Human Estrogen Receptor Alpha Ligand-Binding Domain In Complex With OBCP-3M and A Glucocorticoid Receptor Interacting Protein 1 Nr Box II Peptide
2ayr: A SERM Designed for the Treatment of Uterine Leiomyoma with Unique Tissue Specificity for Uterus and Ovaries in Rats
2b1v: Human estrogen receptor alpha ligand-binding domain in complex with OBCP-1M and a glucocorticoid receptor interacting protein 1 NR box II peptide
2b1z: Human estrogen receptor alpha ligand-binding domain in complex with 17methyl-17alpha-dihydroequilenin and a glucoc interacting protein 1 NR box II peptide
2b23: Human estrogen receptor alpha ligand-binding domain and a glucocorticoid receptor-interacting protein 1 NR box II peptide
2bj4: ESTROGEN RECEPTOR ALPHA LBD IN COMPLEX WITH A PHAGE-DISPLAY DERIVED PEPTIDE ANTAGONIST
2fai: Human Estrogen Receptor Alpha Ligand-Binding Domain In Complex With OBCP-2M and A Glucocorticoid Receptor Interacting Protein 1 NR Box II Peptide
2g44: Human Estrogen Receptor Alpha Ligand-Binding Domain In Complex With OBCP-1M-G and A Glucocorticoid Receptor Interacting Protein 1 NR Box II Peptide
2g5o: Human estrogen receptor alpha ligand-binding domain in complex with 2-(but-1-enyl)-17beta-estradiol and a glucocorticoid receptor interacting protein 1 NR BOX II Peptide
2i0j: Benzopyrans are Selective Estrogen Receptor beta Agonists (SERBAs) with Novel Activity in Models of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
2jf9: ESTROGEN RECEPTOR ALPHA LBD IN COMPLEX WITH A TAMOXIFEN-SPECIFIC PEPTIDE ANTAGONIST
2jfa: ESTROGEN RECEPTOR ALPHA LBD IN COMPLEX WITH AN AFFINITY-SELECTED COREPRESSOR PEPTIDE
2ouz: Crystal Structure of Estrogen Receptor alpha-lasofoxifene complex
2p15: Crystal structure of the ER alpha ligand binding domain with the agonist ortho-trifluoromethylphenylvinyl estradiol
3erd: HUMAN ESTROGEN RECEPTOR ALPHA LIGAND-BINDING DOMAIN IN COMPLEX WITH DIETHYLSTILBESTROL AND A GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR INTERACTING PROTEIN 1 NR BOX II PEPTIDE
3ert: HUMAN ESTROGEN RECEPTOR ALPHA LIGAND-BINDING DOMAIN IN COMPLEX WITH 4-HYDROXYTAMOXIFEN
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ERTooltip Estrogen receptor |
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GPERTooltip G protein-coupled estrogen receptor |
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