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[[File:CoffeeShopSG.JPG|thumb|A typical open-air kopitiam in Singapore]] |
[[File:CoffeeShopSG.JPG|thumb|A typical open-air kopitiam in Singapore]] |
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[[File:Malaysia Common Coffeeshop.jpg|alt=Malaysia Coffeeshop|thumb|A more contemporary-designed coffee shop outlet in Malaysia with various hawker stalls]] |
[[File:Malaysia Common Coffeeshop.jpg|alt=Malaysia Coffeeshop|thumb|A more contemporary-designed coffee shop outlet in Malaysia with various hawker stalls]] |
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A '''''kopitiam''''' or '''''kopi tiam''''' ({{zh|c=咖啡店 |
A '''''kopitiam''''' or '''''kopi tiam''''' ({{zh|c=咖啡店|l=coffee shop|poj=ko-pi-tiàm}}) is a type of [[Coffeehouse|coffee shop]] mostly found in parts of [[Indonesia]], [[Malaysia]], [[Singapore]], [[Brunei]] and [[Southern Thailand]] patronised for meals and [[Drink|beverages]], and traditionally operated by the [[Overseas Chinese|Chinese]] community of these countries. The word ''[[kopi (drink)|kopi]]'' is an Indonesian and Malay term for ''coffee'' and ''tiam'' is the [[Min Nan|Hokkien]]/[[Hakka Chinese|Hakka]] term for ''shop'' ({{lang|zh|{{linktext|店}}}}). Traditional kopitiam menus typically feature simple offerings: a variety of foods based on [[egg (food)|egg]], [[Toast (food)|toast]], [[kaya (jam)|kaya]], plus coffee, tea, [[Horlicks]] and [[Milo (drink)|Milo]]. Modern kopitiams typically feature multiple food stalls that offer a wider range of foods. |
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==Malaysia== |
==Malaysia== |
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In Malaysia, as in Singapore, kopitiams are found almost everywhere. However, there are a few differences. In Malaysia: |
In Malaysia, as in Singapore, kopitiams are found almost everywhere. However, there are a few differences. In Malaysia: |
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* the term kopitiam in Malaysia is usually referred specifically to Malaysian Chinese coffee shops; |
* the term kopitiam in Malaysia is usually referred specifically to Malaysian Chinese coffee shops; |
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* food in a kopitiam is usually exclusively Malaysian Chinese cuisine;{{citation needed|date=November 2015}} |
* food in a kopitiam is usually exclusively [[Malaysian Chinese cuisine]];{{citation needed|date=November 2015}} |
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* food courts and hawker centres are usually not referred to as kopitiams. |
* [[food courts]] and [[hawker centres]] are usually not referred to as kopitiams. |
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Recently a new breed of "modern" kopitiams |
Recently a new breed of "modern" kopitiams has sprung up. The popularity of the old-fashioned outlets along with society's obsession with nostalgia and increasing affluence has led to the revival of these pseudo-kopitiams. The new kopitiams are fast-food outlets that are reminiscent of the old kopitiams in terms of decor but are usually built in a more modern, hygienic setting such as a shopping mall rather than in the traditional shophouse, catering mainly for young adults. |
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To offer the true kopitiam experience, modern kopitiams mostly offer authentic local coffee brews, [[roti bakar|charcoal grilled toast]] served with butter and [[Kaya (jam)|kaya]] (a local version of jam made from coconut milk and eggs) and soft-boiled eggs. Some have extended menus where local breakfast, lunch and dinner meals are served. To tap into the sizeable [[Muslim]] market, these kopitiams usually serve food that is prepared to conform to [[Islamic dietary laws]], unlike the traditional shophouse kopitiams. |
To offer the true kopitiam experience, modern kopitiams mostly offer authentic local coffee brews, [[roti bakar|charcoal grilled toast]] served with butter and [[Kaya (jam)|kaya]] (a local version of jam made from coconut milk and eggs), and soft-boiled eggs. Some have extended menus where local breakfast, lunch, and dinner meals are served. To tap into the sizeable [[Muslim]] market, these kopitiams usually serve food that is prepared to conform to [[Islamic dietary laws]], unlike the traditional shophouse kopitiams. |
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Today there are no less than 100 brand names of modern kopitiams operating in various parts of Malaysia. |
Today there are no less than 100 brand names of modern kopitiams operating in various parts of Malaysia. |
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Kopitiams in Ipoh |
Kopitiams in Ipoh Oldtown district serve [[Ipoh white coffee]]. The coffee beans are roasted with palm-oil [[margarine]] and with less sugar, resulting in a brew that is lighter in colour than normal coffee beans that use sugar – hence the name 'white coffee'. |
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==Singapore== |
==Singapore== |
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Kopitiams in Singapore are commonly found in almost all residential areas as well as some industrial and business districts in the country, numbering about 2,000 in total.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/Prime%2BNews/Story/STIStory_222798.html|title=The Straits Times Interactive<!-- Bot generated title -->|website=straitstimes.com}}</ref> Although most are an aggregate of small stalls or shops, some may be more reminiscent of [[food court]]s, although each stall hasa similar appearance and the same style of signage. In a typical kopitiam, the drinks stall is usually run by the owner who sells [[coffee]], [[tea]], [[soft drinks]], and other beverages as well as breakfast items like [[kaya toast]], [[soft-boiled egg]]s, and snacks. |
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Kopi (coffee) was |
In Singapore, the coffee in kopitiams is made from Robusta beans. [[Kopi (drink)|Kopi]] (coffee) was introduced to the island in the mid-19th century. Robusta beans, brought in from Indonesia via Arab traders, were preferred by the majority of the local population, compared to the more expensive Arabica beans favoured by the European population working in Singapore.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://theculturetrip.com/asia/singapore/articles/what-makes-singapores-coffee-culture-so-unique | title=What Makes Singapore's Coffee Culture So Unique? | date=21 February 2018 }}</ref> |
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Most kopitiams in Singapore consist of the drinks stall and food stalls leased by independent stallholders who mainly focus on a variety of food dishes that are commonly found in [[Singaporean cuisine]]. Traditional dishes from different ethnicities are usually available at kopitiams to encourage people from different ethnic backgrounds with different dietary habits to dine in a common place or even at a common table.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Lai|first1=Ah Eng|last2=Collins|first2=Francis Leo|last3=Yeoh|first3=Brenda Saw Ai|date=2012|title=The Kopitiam in Singapore: An Evolving Story about Migration and Cultural Diversity|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/chapter/877221|journal=Migration and Diversity in Asian Contexts|doi=10.1355/9789814380461-011 |language=en|url-access=subscription|via=Project MUSE}}</ref> |
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''Kopitiam'' is also the name of a food court chain in Singapore.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.kopitiam.biz/our-company/ | title=Our Company - Kopitiam | access-date=23 March 2017 | archive-date=3 January 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103072630/http://www.kopitiam.biz/our-company/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> |
''Kopitiam'' is also the name of a food court chain in Singapore.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.kopitiam.biz/our-company/ | title=Our Company - Kopitiam | access-date=23 March 2017 | archive-date=3 January 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103072630/http://www.kopitiam.biz/our-company/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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Some of the popular |
Some of the popular kopitiams in Singapore include Kim San Leng, [[Killiney Kopitiam|Killiney]] & Tong Ah Eating House, or [[Ya Kun Kaya Toast]]. |
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Some of the more common foods that can be seen in |
Some of the more common foods that can be seen in kopitiams, besides the ever-popular soft-boiled eggs and toast, consist of [[char kway tiao]] (fried flat rice noodles ([[hor fun]]), sometimes cooked with eggs and [[Cockle (bivalve)|cockles]]), Hokkien mee (yellow wheat noodles served with various seafood as well as egg) and, possibly the most common, [[nasi lemak]] (a Malay dish of coconut-flavoured rice, served with [[sambal]], egg, roasted peanuts, fried anchovies, etc.). |
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[[File:Kopi O.jpg|thumb|Traditional Kopi O commonly served in Malaysia and Singapore]] |
[[File:Kopi O.jpg|thumb|Traditional Kopi O commonly served in Malaysia and Singapore]] |
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=="Coffee shop talk"== |
=="Coffee shop talk"== |
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"Coffee shop talk" is a phrase used to describe gossip because it is often a familiar sight at |
"Coffee shop talk" is a phrase used to describe gossip because it is often a familiar sight at kopitiams where a group of workers or senior citizens would linger over cups of coffee and exchange news and comments on various topics including national politics, office politics, TV dramas, sports, and food.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.smu.edu.sg/sites/default/files/smu/news_room/smu_in_the_news/2012/sources/ST_20121009_2.pdf|title=Why are kopitiam tables round?|last=Menkhoff|first=Thomas|date=9 October 2012|newspaper=The Straits Times|page=A26}}</ref> Former [[Too Phat]] member Malique has a song called "Cerita Kedai Kopi", satirizing the stereotype. |
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==Kopitiam beverage terms== |
==Kopitiam beverage terms== |
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At |
Atkopitiams, coffee and tea are usually ordered using a specific vernacular featuring terms from different languages. Coffee and tea can be tailored to suit the drinker's taste by first saying "Kopi" (coffee) or "Teh" (tea) before adding one or more of the following suffixes: |
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* ''Kopi'': Malay/Indonesian for coffee |
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* ''Teh'': Malay/Indonesian/Hokkien for tea |
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* ''O'': no milk, from Hokkien ({{zh|c=烏|p=wū|l=to dye black|poj=o͘|s=|t=}}) |
* ''O'': no milk, from Hokkien ({{zh|c=烏|p=wū|l=to dye black|poj=o͘|s=|t=}}) |
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* ''Si'' or ''C'': with evaporated milk ([[Hainanese dialect]]) ({{zh|c=鮮|p=xiān|l=fresh|poj=|s=|t=}}) |
* ''Si'' or ''C'': with evaporated milk ([[Hainanese dialect]]) ({{zh|c=鮮|p=xiān|l=fresh|poj=|s=|t=}}) |
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* ''Tarik'': Malay for [[teh tarik|pulled]]. |
* ''Tarik'': Malay for [[teh tarik|pulled]]. |
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These are typically chained together to customize a drink order: a "kopi si kosong" will result in |
These are typically chained together to customize a drink order: a "kopi si kosong peng" will result in an iced coffee with evaporated milk and no sugar. The syntax is “drink – milk – sugar – concentration – temperature”. |
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===Examples=== |
===Examples=== |
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* ''Kopi si kosong'' = hot coffee with evaporated milk |
* ''Kopi si kosong'' = hot coffee with evaporated milk |
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* ''Kopi si peng'' = iced coffee with evaporated milk, with sugar |
* ''Kopi si peng'' = iced coffee with evaporated milk, with sugar |
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* ''Kopi sterng'' = iced coffee extra smooth ({{zh|c= |
* ''Kopi sterng'' = iced coffee extra smooth ({{zh|c=㗝呸順|p=kā fēi shùn|l=coffee smooth|poj=|s=|t=}}) |
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* ''Teh o'' = hot tea (without milk, sweetened) |
* ''Teh o'' = hot tea (without milk, sweetened) |
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* ''Teh o peng'' = iced tea (without milk, sweetened) |
* ''Teh o peng'' = iced tea (without milk, sweetened) |
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* ''Cham'' = mixed of coffee and tea (sweetened) ({{zh|c=參|p=cān|l=to join|poj=chham|s=|t=}}) |
* ''Cham'' = mixed of coffee and tea (sweetened) ({{zh|c=參|p=cān|l=to join|poj=chham|s=|t=}}) |
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* ''Cham peng'' = iced version of Cham (sweetened) |
* ''Cham peng'' = iced version of Cham (sweetened) |
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* ''Neslo'' = A blend of [[Nescafe]] (coffee) and [[Milo (drink)|Milo]] (chocolate/ cocoa drink) |
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* ''Yin yang/Yuan yang'' = same as Cham ({{zh|c=鴛鴦|p=yuān yāng|l=male mandarin duck female mandarin duck|poj=|s=|t=}}) |
* ''Yin yang/Yuan yang'' = same as Cham ({{zh|c=鴛鴦|p=yuān yāng|l=male mandarin duck female mandarin duck|poj=|s=|t=}}) |
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* ''Michael Jackson'' = mixture of soy milk and grass jelly (black and white) |
* ''Michael Jackson'' = mixture of soy milk and grass jelly (black and white) |
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* [[Punjabi dhaba]] |
* [[Punjabi dhaba]] |
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* [[Indonesian cuisine]] |
* [[Indonesian cuisine]] |
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* [[Kopi (drink)|Kopi]] |
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* [[Malaysian cuisine]] |
* [[Malaysian cuisine]] |
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* [[Singaporean cuisine]] |
* [[Singaporean cuisine]] |
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* [[Pasar malam]] (night market) |
* [[Pasar malam]] (night market) |
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* [[Mamak stall]] |
* [[Mamak stall]] |
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* [[Warung]] |
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* [[Coffeehouse|Coffeeshop]] |
* [[Coffeehouse|Coffeeshop]] |
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* [[Cha chaan teng]] |
* [[Cha chaan teng]] |
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 |
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this articlebyadding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
Find sources: "Kopi tiam" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (September 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
Akopitiamorkopi tiam (Chinese: 咖啡店; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ko-pi-tiàm; lit. 'coffee shop') is a type of coffee shop mostly found in parts of Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei and Southern Thailand patronised for meals and beverages, and traditionally operated by the Chinese community of these countries. The word kopi is an Indonesian and Malay term for coffee and tiam is the Hokkien/Hakka term for shop (店). Traditional kopitiam menus typically feature simple offerings: a variety of foods based on egg, toast, kaya, plus coffee, tea, Horlicks and Milo. Modern kopitiams typically feature multiple food stalls that offer a wider range of foods.
In Malaysia, as in Singapore, kopitiams are found almost everywhere. However, there are a few differences. In Malaysia:
Recently a new breed of "modern" kopitiams has sprung up. The popularity of the old-fashioned outlets along with society's obsession with nostalgia and increasing affluence has led to the revival of these pseudo-kopitiams. The new kopitiams are fast-food outlets that are reminiscent of the old kopitiams in terms of decor but are usually built in a more modern, hygienic setting such as a shopping mall rather than in the traditional shophouse, catering mainly for young adults.
To offer the true kopitiam experience, modern kopitiams mostly offer authentic local coffee brews, charcoal grilled toast served with butter and kaya (a local version of jam made from coconut milk and eggs), and soft-boiled eggs. Some have extended menus where local breakfast, lunch, and dinner meals are served. To tap into the sizeable Muslim market, these kopitiams usually serve food that is prepared to conform to Islamic dietary laws, unlike the traditional shophouse kopitiams.
Today there are no less than 100 brand names of modern kopitiams operating in various parts of Malaysia.
Kopitiams in Ipoh Oldtown district serve Ipoh white coffee. The coffee beans are roasted with palm-oil margarine and with less sugar, resulting in a brew that is lighter in colour than normal coffee beans that use sugar – hence the name 'white coffee'.
Kopitiams in Singapore are commonly found in almost all residential areas as well as some industrial and business districts in the country, numbering about 2,000 in total.[1] Although most are an aggregate of small stalls or shops, some may be more reminiscent of food courts, although each stall has a similar appearance and the same style of signage. In a typical kopitiam, the drinks stall is usually run by the owner who sells coffee, tea, soft drinks, and other beverages as well as breakfast items like kaya toast, soft-boiled eggs, and snacks.
In Singapore, the coffee in kopitiams is made from Robusta beans. Kopi (coffee) was introduced to the island in the mid-19th century. Robusta beans, brought in from Indonesia via Arab traders, were preferred by the majority of the local population, compared to the more expensive Arabica beans favoured by the European population working in Singapore.[2]
Most kopitiams in Singapore consist of the drinks stall and food stalls leased by independent stallholders who mainly focus on a variety of food dishes that are commonly found in Singaporean cuisine. Traditional dishes from different ethnicities are usually available at kopitiams to encourage people from different ethnic backgrounds with different dietary habits to dine in a common place or even at a common table.[3]
Kopitiam is also the name of a food court chain in Singapore.[4]
Some of the popular kopitiams in Singapore include Kim San Leng, Killiney & Tong Ah Eating House, or Ya Kun Kaya Toast.
Some of the more common foods that can be seen in kopitiams, besides the ever-popular soft-boiled eggs and toast, consist of char kway tiao (fried flat rice noodles (hor fun), sometimes cooked with eggs and cockles), Hokkien mee (yellow wheat noodles served with various seafood as well as egg) and, possibly the most common, nasi lemak (a Malay dish of coconut-flavoured rice, served with sambal, egg, roasted peanuts, fried anchovies, etc.).
"Coffee shop talk" is a phrase used to describe gossip because it is often a familiar sight at kopitiams where a group of workers or senior citizens would linger over cups of coffee and exchange news and comments on various topics including national politics, office politics, TV dramas, sports, and food.[5] Former Too Phat member Malique has a song called "Cerita Kedai Kopi", satirizing the stereotype.
At kopitiams, coffee and tea are usually ordered using a specific vernacular featuring terms from different languages. Coffee and tea can be tailored to suit the drinker's taste by first saying "Kopi" (coffee) or "Teh" (tea) before adding one or more of the following suffixes:
These are typically chained together to customize a drink order: a "kopi si kosong peng" will result in an iced coffee with evaporated milk and no sugar. The syntax is “drink – milk – sugar – concentration – temperature”.
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