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エドワード・スノーデン

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』

エドワード・ジョセフ・スノーデン


Edward Joseph Snowden
2013年
生誕 (1983-06-21) 1983年6月21日(40歳)[1]
アメリカ合衆国の旗 アメリカ合衆国
ノースカロライナ州 エリザベスシティ[2]
住居 ロシアの旗 ロシア(詳細非公開)
国籍 アメリカ合衆国の旗 アメリカ合衆国
ロシアの旗 ロシア
二重国籍
出身校 アン・アランデル・コミュニティカレッジ英語版中退
職業 NSA局員[3]
CIA局員[4]
DELL職員[4]
ブーズ・アレン・ハミルトン社職員[5]
著名な実績 PRISMの告発
影響を受けたもの ロン・ポール
影響を与えたもの Cheena
肩書き 報道の自由財団理事
グラスゴー大学名誉総長
敵対者 アメリカ合衆国連邦政府
配偶者 リンゼイ・ミルズ英語版2017年 - )
子供 あり(2人)
署名
テンプレートを表示

: Edward Joseph Snowden: Эдвард Джозеф Сноуден1983621 - NSACIANSA[6]

20136NSAPRISM[7][ 1]

2013622[9]81[10]2022926

20141[11]

[]

[]


1983621[12][13]沿[14][13][15]CIA16[16][13]

[ 2]退[12][18]General Educational Development[3][18][19][12][13]退[19][20]

Ars Technica稿稿[21][22][23]

NSACIA[]


200319退Ars Technica[21]200457[1]

[1][24][19][ 3]928[1][24]

NSA2005[3][12]NSA12[25]CIA2006CIA[4][26]2007[27]

20092CIA[21][28]NSADELLNSA[3][17][19][29][17]調10[30][31]

2011DELLCIA[17]120123DELLNSA[17]20133NSA[32]

NSA20[33]2011[34]NSA[35][36][37][38]

[]


CIANSA[19][39]

[40]2008[41]3third party

2009[39]NSA[42]

[]

[]


2012320133NSA NSA20133[43]

スノーデンによる暴露[編集]


2012121NSAGnuPG使GnuPGVeraxPGPVerax[44]
映像外部リンク
NSA whistleblower Edward Snowden: 'I don't want to live in a society that does these sort of things' - YouTube
Edward Snowden interview: 'The US government will say I aided our enemies' - NSA whistleblower - YouTube

201353

2013520[45][7][46]

201362[47]

201363[48]

201365[49]

201366[ 4]NSAPRISM[50][51]NSA[52]

201369[53]

アメリカ合衆国を含む全世界でのインターネット・電話回線の傍受[編集]


NSA330/970/[54]NSA[55]PRISM[ 5]SKYNET[56][57]

IT[]


Yahoo!GoogleFacebookPalTalkYouTubeSkypeAOLApple[58]NSAMicrosoft[59]Microsoft SkyDrive(Microsoft OneDrive)NSASkypeNSA[60]Facebook20126NSA18000-19000[61]

PRISMPRISM[62][63][64]NSANSA[65]

NSA[]


NSA61000[66][67]2009[66]NSA[68]NSANSA[68][68][68]

[]


NSA38使[69]使[69]EU[70]90[69][69]使[71]

[]


GCHQIPID[68]GCHQG20200949[72][72]G20[72]

[72]

[72]

[72]

GCHQNSA[73]

NSAG20GCHQ[72][74]

201451324[75]

[]


[66]

[66]

退[66]

[66][66]

[76]

[]

[]


FBI[77][78][79][80]CIA[81]

[]


2013623[82][83]使[84]Twitter[85]

[86]18[87]

姿[88][87]

712[89]

2013815[90][91]

[92]20147[93]3[94]201712020[95][96]20199[97]

202043[98]1112[99]2022926[100][101][102][103]122[104]

ウィキリークスの協力[編集]


20012010AH-64 [105]  [106][107]使[108]宿[109]

Twitter[]


20159292118Twitter[110]

GIFTwitter[111]

[]


2014114NPO[112][113]2[114]

20142[115]

20152 [116]

[]

[]


FBINSA[117]2013622[9][118]20137調5534[119]ABC調30573035%56%NSA[120]

使使[71][121][ 6]201310NSA35[121][122]NSANSA[121]

[]


UKUSA[123]

[]


使[69]

[]


使[69]2014627[124]

7使[125]

[]


[79] 201312[126]

[]


[127]

[128]

2013618調50020%54%[129]

20168[130]

[]


[131]

201527731NSA2006[132][133] [134] [135]

[]


Verax

201320136YouTube稿

 

2014201410242016611



201620169162017127

[]


20174ISBN 978-4-08-720876-4 

 201712ISBN 978-4-00-270976-5 

20188ISBN 978-4-08-721045-3 

  201911ISBN 978-4-309-22786-3 

[]

注釈[編集]



(一)^ [8]

(二)^ 9[17]

(三)^ [17]

(四)^ 

(五)^ 

(六)^ [121]

出典[編集]



(一)^ abcdSpencer Ackerman (2013610). Edward Snowden did enlist for special forces, US army confirms. The Guardian. 2013610

(二)^ Ray, Michael (2022122). Edward Snowden.  Encyclopaedia Britannica. 20221216

(三)^ abcdLeger, Donna Leinwand (201369). NSA contractor: 'I know I have done nothing wrong'. USA TODAY. http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/06/09/edward-snowden-guardian-interview/2405873/ 

(四)^ abc退20CIAPRESIDENT201381220137262014814 

(五)^ . AFPBB News. (2013612). https://www.afpbb.com/articles/-/2949981?pid=10892790 2013629 

(六)^ https://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20170608-00000028-zdn_mkt-int

(七)^ ab. AFPBB News. (2013613). https://www.afpbb.com/articles/-/2950073?pid=10897395 2013629 

(八)^  (2014415). NSAGuardianWashington Post. ITmedia. https://www.itmedia.co.jp/news/articles/1404/15/news064.html 2014416 

(九)^ abCIA 2013622

(十)^ . CNN. (201382). http://www.cnn.co.jp/tech/35035453.html 201385 

(11)^ . AFP. AFPBB News. (2014130). https://www.afpbb.com/articles/-/3007534 201422 

(12)^ abcd退20CIAPRESIDENT201381220137262014814 

(13)^ abcdTracy, Connor (2013610). What we know about NSA leaker Edward Snowden. NBC News. http://usnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/06/10/18882615-what-we-know-about-nsa-leaker-edward-snowden?lite 

(14)^ Itkowitz, Colby; Sheehan, Daniel Patrick (2013610). FBI visits family of NSA leaker in Upper Macungie. The Morning Call (Allentown, PA). 2013111. https://web.archive.org/web/20131101201535/http://articles.mcall.com/2013-06-10/news/mc-pa-ed-snowden-nsa-leak-20130610_1_fbi-agents-upper-macungie-township-public-records 

(15)^ Toppo, Greg (2013610). Former neighbor remembers Snowden as 'nice kid'. USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/06/10/snowden-neighbors-surveillance-security/2408573/ 

(16)^ 2014 p24

(17)^ abcdefJames Bamford (20148). Edward Snowden: The Untold Story ().  Wired. 2014815

(18)^ abEdward Snowden's Father Speaks Out To Fox About Media 'Misinformation,' Asks Son To Stop Leaking. Mediaite. (2013617). http://www.mediaite.com/tv/edward-snowdens-father-speaks-out-to-fox-about-media-misinformation-asks-son-to-stop-leaking/ 2013619 

(19)^ abcdeGlenn Greenwald; Ewen MacAskill; Laura Poitras (2013610). Edward Snowden: the whistleblower behind the NSA surveillance revelations. The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/jun/09/edward-snowden-nsa-whistleblower-surveillance 2013610 

(20)^ Profile: Edward Snowden. BBC News. (20131216). http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-22837100 20131216 

(21)^ abcLuke Harding (201428). Birth of a whistle-blower: How Edward Snowden became Edward Snowden ().  Salon Media Group. 2014814

(22)^ Joe Mullin (2013613). NSA leaker Ed Snowdens life on Ars Technica ().  Ars Technica. 2014814

(23)^ James Bamford (2005626). The most wanted man in the world ().  Condé Nast. 2015103

(24)^ abBroder, John M.; Shane, Scott (2013615). For Snowden, a Life of Ambition, Despite the Drifting. The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/16/us/for-snowden-a-life-of-ambition-despite-the-drifting.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 

(25)^ Greenberg, Andy (2013618). NSA Implementing 'Two-Person' Rule To Stop The Next Edward Snowden. Forbes (New York). 2014713. https://web.archive.org/web/20140713005907/http://www.forbes.com/sites/andygreenberg/2013/06/18/nsa-director-says-agency-implementing-two-person-rule-to-stop-the-next-edward-snowden/ 2013620 

(26)^ NSA contract analyst says he leaked surveillance documents. Chicago Tribune. (201369). 20131013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131013205821/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2013-06-09/news/chi-nsa-prism-scandal-20130609_1_snowden-nsa-the-guardian 

(27)^ Memmott, Mark (2013610). Who Is Edward Snowden, The Self-Styled NSA Leaker?. NPR. http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2013/06/10/190293209/who-is-edward-snowden-the-nsa-leaker 

(28)^ PRISMCIA. GIGAZINE. (2013610). http://gigazine.net/news/20130610-prism-whistleblower-cia-technical-assistant/ 2014814 

(29)^ Broder, John M.; Shane, Scott (2013615). For Snowden, a Life of Ambition, Despite the Drifting. The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/16/us/for-snowden-a-life-of-ambition-despite-the-drifting.html?pagewanted=all 2013615. "Mr. Snowden, who has taken refuge in Hong Kong, has studied Mandarin, was deeply interested in martial arts, claimed Buddhism as his religion and once mused that "China is definitely a good option career wise."" 

(30)^  . . (2019121). https://globe.asahi.com/article/12908685 2019122 

(31)^ How Chinas surveillance state was a mirror to the US for whistle-blower Edward Snowden. . (2019917). https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3027598/us-whistleblower-edward-snowden-left-hong-kong-because 2019122 

(32)^  (). REUTERS. (2013816). https://jp.reuters.com/article/topNews/idJPTYE97F00S20130816/ 2014814 

(33)^ Edward Snowden: NSA whistleblower answers reader questions. The Guardian (London). (2013617). http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/jun/17/edward-snowden-nsa-files-whistleblower 2013619 

(34)^ Page 3 of 3 (2013613). U.S. Fears Edward Snowden May Defect to China: Sources. ABC News. http://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/us-fears-edward-snowden-defect-china-sources/story?id=19389672&page=3 2013619 

(35)^ "Booz Allen Statement on Reports of Leaked Information" (Press release). Booz Allen Hamilton. 11 June 2013. 2013611

(36)^ Borger, Julian (201369). Booz Allen Hamilton: Edward Snowden's U.S. contracting firm. The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/jun/09/booz-allen-hamilton-edward-snowden 201369 

(37)^ Gertz, Bill (2013613). Officials Worried Snowden Will Pass Secrets to Chinese. The Washington Free Beacon. 2013614. https://web.archive.org/web/20130614093120/http://freebeacon.com/officials-worried-snowden-will-pass-secrets-to-chinese/ 

(38)^ Kim Zetter (2013611). (). Wired News. http://wired.jp/2013/06/11/nsa-leaker-outs-himself/ 2014814 

(39)^ ab2014 p38

(40)^ 2014 p7

(41)^ 2014 p32

(42)^ 2014 p41

(43)^ Glenn Greenwald, Ewen MacAskill (2013611). Boundless Informant: the NSA's secret tool to track global surveillance data.  the guardian. 201375

(44)^  2014, p. 19-36.

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(46)^ TE-PING CHEN; CHESTER YUNG (2013611). (). The Wall Street Journal. http://jp.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424127887324449604578538052363886278 2014814 

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(51)^  (2013610). NSA   (). Democracy Now!. http://democracynow.jp/video/20130610-1 2014814 

(52)^  WallStreetJournal  201373 11:08 JST
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(54)^ The Huffington Post (2013610).  NSA970. 201376

(55)^ Kim Zetter (2013610). (). Wired News. http://wired.jp/2013/06/10/nsa-verizon-call-records/ 2014814 

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(60)^ Don Reisinger (2013621). ITNSA-- (). Cnet. https://japan.cnet.com/article/35033675/ 2014814 

(61)^  (). Newsweek. (2013615). http://www.newsweekjapan.jp/column/takiguchi/2013/06/post-693.php 2014814 

(62)^ Lardinois, Frederic (201366). Google, Facebook, Dropbox, Yahoo, Microsoft, Paltalk, AOL And Apple Deny Participation In NSA PRISM Surveillance Program (). TechCrunch. 202117

(63)^ LeFebvre, Rob (201367). Everything You Need To Know About Apple And PRISM [Updated] (). Cult of Mac. 201369202117

(64)^ Lee, Timothy B. (2013612). Heres everything we know about PRISM to date (). . 2013614202117

(65)^ Gellman, Barton; Poitras, Laura (201367). U.S., British intelligence mining data from nine U.S. Internet companies in broad secret program (). Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. https://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/us-intelligence-mining-data-from-nine-us-internet-companies-in-broad-secret-program/2013/06/06/3a0c0da8-cebf-11e2-8845-d970ccb04497_story.html 202117 

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(113)^ Board of Directors (2014114). Edward Snowden To Join Daniel Ellsberg, Others on Freedom of the Press Foundations Board of Directors (English).  Freedom of the Press Foundation. 201422

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(120)^ Poll: Youth Overwhelmingly support Edward Snowden. Privacy SOS (). (20131121). https://privacysos.org/blog/poll-youth-overwhelmingly-support-edward-snowden/ 20221216 

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(125)^ 使退 CNN 2014711

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(129)^ CIA 20136197 170

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(132)^  2015731

(133)^ FNN News 201583

(134)^ FNN News 201584

(135)^ J-CAST 201584

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  : BP20145ISBN 9784822250218 

  : 20145ISBN 978-4105066918 

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