無我

出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』
仏教用語
無我, アナッター
パーリ語 anattan, anattā
サンスクリット語 अनात्मन्, anātman
中国語 無我
日本語 無我
(ローマ字: muga)
英語 non-self
テンプレートを表示

: anattā, [ 1]: , anātman, , nairātmya[3], [3][4][4][4][4]

1[3][4][5][6][7][ 2][ 3]

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[26][27]姿[27][26]

[28][4][28][4][28][28] 

[29][30] atmanSk.  an- [31][29][32][33]

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Anattā an() + attā ()[34]

[]

[]





Rūpa 
 
[35]

永遠性の否定[編集]

パーリ経典に登場する沙門[36] (六師外道)
(沙門果経より[37])
沙門[36] 論(思想)[37]
プーラナ・カッサパ 無道徳論、道徳否定論: 善行も悪行もなく、善悪いずれの報いも存在しない。
マッカリ・ゴーサーラ
(アージーヴィカ教)
運命決定論 (宿命論): 自己の意志による行いはなく、一切はあらかじめ決定されており、定められた期間流転する定めである。
アジタ・ケーサカンバリン
(順世派)
唯物論感覚論快楽主義: 人は四大からなり、死ぬと散じ何も残らない。善悪いずれの行いの報いもないとし、現世の快楽・享楽のみを説く。
パクダ・カッチャーヤナ
常住論者
要素集合説:人は地・水・火・風の四元素と、苦・楽および命(霊魂)の七つの要素の集合にで構成され、それらは不変不動で相互の影響はない。
マハーヴィーラ
(ジャイナ教)
相対主義、苦行主義、要素実在説: 霊魂は永遠不滅の実体であり、乞食・苦行生活で業の汚れを落とし涅槃を目指す。
サンジャヤ・ベーラッティプッタ
不可知論懐疑論: 真理をあるがままに認識し説明することは不可能であるとする。判断の留保。

3調[38][39][40][41]

[38][38][38][42][43][44]

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[45]

77[46][47]

[48] [49][50]

説一切有部[編集]




: svabhāva 


大乗仏教[編集]




 () 


脚注[編集]

注釈[編集]

  1. ^ anattan[1]の主格形[2]
  2. ^ On samsara, rebirth and redeath:
    * Paul Williams: "All rebirth is due to karma and is impermanent. Short of attaining enlightenment, in each rebirth one is born and dies, to be reborn elsewhere in accordance with the completely impersonal causal nature of one's own karma. The endless cycle of birth, rebirth, and redeath, is samsara."[8]
    * Buswell and Lopez on "rebirth": "An English term that does not have an exact correlate in Buddhist languages, rendered instead by a range of technical terms, such as the Sanskrit PUNARJANMAN (lit. "birth again") and PUNABHAVAN (lit. "re-becoming"), and, less commonly, the related PUNARMRTYU (lit. "redeath")."[9]

    See also Perry Schmidt-Leukel (2006) pages 32-34,[10] John J. Makransky (1997) p.27.[11] for the use of the term "redeath." The term Agatigati or Agati gati (plus a few other terms) is generally translated as 'rebirth, redeath'; see any Pali-English dictionary; e.g. pages 94-95 of Rhys Davids & William Stede, where they list five Sutta examples with rebirth and re-death sense.[12]
  3. ^ Graham Harvey: "Siddhartha Gautama found an end to rebirth in this world of suffering. His teachings, known as the dharma in Buddhism, can be summarized in the Four Noble truths."[13] Geoffrey Samuel (2008): "The Four Noble Truths [...] describe the knowledge needed to set out on the path to liberation from rebirth."[14] See also [15][16][17][8][18][13][19][20]

    The Theravada tradition holds that insight into these four truths is liberating in itself.[21] This is reflected in the Pali canon.[22] According to Donald Lopez, "The Buddha stated in his first sermon that when he gained absolute and intuitive knowledge of the four truths, he achieved complete enlightenment and freedom from future rebirth."[19]

    The Maha-parinibbana Sutta also refers to this liberation.[23] Carol Anderson: "The second passage where the four truths appear in the Vinaya-pitaka is also found in the Mahaparinibbana-sutta (D II 90-91). Here, the Buddha explains that it is by not understanding the four truths that rebirth continues."[24]

    On the meaning of moksha as liberation from rebirth, see Patrick Olivelle in the Encyclopædia Britannica.[25]

出典[編集]



(一)^ 201334p.17

(二)^ -an  - 10. ()>

(三)^ abc() - 2017727

(四)^ abcdefg  198811390-1391 

(五)^ Robert E. Buswell Jr.; Donald S. Lopez Jr. (2013). The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism. Princeton University Press. pp. 4243, 581. ISBN 978-1-4008-4805-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=DXN2AAAAQBAJ 

(六)^ Grant Olson (Translator); Phra Payutto (1995). Buddhadhamma: Natural Laws and Values for Life. State University of New York Press. pp. 6263. ISBN 978-0-7914-2631-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=ffsumKIixS8C 

(七)^ John Carter; Mahinda Palihawadana (2008). Dhammapada. Oxford University Press. pp. 3031, 74, 80. ISBN 978-0-19-955513-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=AAcWDAAAQBAJ 

(八)^ abWilliams 2002, p. 74-75.

(九)^ Buswell & Lopez 2003, p. 708.

(十)^ Schmidt-Leukel 2006, p. 32-34.

(11)^ Makransky 1997, p. 27.

(12)^ Davids, Thomas William Rhys; Stede, William (1 January 1921), Pali-English Dictionary, Motilal Banarsidass Publ., https://books.google.com/books?id=0Guw2CnxiucC 

(13)^ abHarvey 2016.

(14)^ Samuel 2008, p. 136.

(15)^ Spiro 1982, p. 42.

(16)^ Vetter 1988, p. xxi, xxxi-xxxii.

(17)^ Makransky 1997, p. 27-28.

(18)^ Lopez 2009, p. 147.

(19)^ abDonald Lopez, Four Noble Truths, Encyclopædia Britannica.

(20)^ Thanissaro Bhikkhu, The Truth of Rebirth And Why it Matters for Buddhist Practice

(21)^ Carter 1987, p. 3179.

(22)^ Anderson 2013.

(23)^  Maha-parinibbana Sutta: Last Days of the Buddha, http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/dn/dn.16.1-6.vaji.html 

(24)^ Anderson 2013, p. 162 with note 38, for context see pages 1-3.

(25)^ Patrick Olivelle (2012), Encyclopædia Britannica, Moksha (Indian religions)

(26)^ ab 2000.

(27)^ ab 1982, p. 44.

(28)^ abcd  

(29)^ ab  

(30)^  ātman  TANEMURA, Takeshi

(31)^  1995.

(32)^   

(33)^  2001.

(34)^ Thomas William Rhys Davids; William Stede (1921). Pali-English Dictionary. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 22. ISBN 978-81-208-1144-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=0Guw2CnxiucC 

(35)^ , , , 38 Mahakkhandhaka, Sri Lanka Tripitaka Project

(36)^ ab201334p.334

(37)^ abDN 2 (Thanissaro, 1997; Walshe, 1995, pp. 91-109).

(38)^ abcdDamien Keown (2004), Ucchedavāda, śāśvata-vāda, rebirth, in A Dictionary of Buddhism, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-860560-7 

(39)^ Robert E. Buswell Jr.; Donald S. Lopez Jr. (2013). The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism. Princeton University Press. pp. 708709. ISBN 978-1-4008-4805-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=DXN2AAAAQBAJ 

(40)^ Peter Harvey (2012). An Introduction to Buddhism: Teachings, History and Practices. Cambridge University Press. pp. 3233, 3839, 4649. ISBN 978-0-521-85942-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=u0sg9LV_rEgC 

(41)^ Ray Billington (2002). Understanding Eastern Philosophy. Routledge. pp. 4344, 5860. ISBN 978-1-134-79349-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=q8KGAgAAQBAJ 

(42)^ Norman C. McClelland (2010). Encyclopedia of Reincarnation and Karma. McFarland. p. 89. ISBN 978-0-7864-5675-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=S_Leq4U5ihkC 

(43)^ Hugh Nicholson (2016). The Spirit of Contradiction in Christianity and Buddhism. Oxford University Press. pp. 2325. ISBN 978-0-19-045534-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=bSbnCwAAQBAJ 

(44)^ Gananath Obeyesekere (2006). Karma and Rebirth: A Cross Cultural Study. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 281282. ISBN 978-81-208-2609-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=IEK4Qgm7Z0kC 

(45)^ "Selves & Not-self: The Buddhist Teaching on Anatta", by Thanissaro Bhikkhu. Access to Insight (Legacy Edition), 30 November 2013, http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/thanissaro/selvesnotself.html

(46)^  

(47)^ David Kalupahana, Causality: The Central Philosophy of Buddhism. The University Press of Hawaii, 1975, page 44.

(48)^ , , Sri Lanka Tripitaka Project

(49)^ Malcolm B. Hamilton (12 June 2012). The Sociology of Religion: Theoretical and Comparative Perspectives. Routledge. pp. 7380. ISBN 978-1-134-97626-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=ANaHAgAAQBAJ 

(50)^ Raju, P. T. (1985). Structural Depths of Indian Thought. State University of New York Press. pp. 147151. ISBN 978-0-88706-139-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=wZ_iahRQomwC 

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:102001159-169NAID 130003657874 

 : 3120001-21NAID 110007019424 

19825 

79199521-40NAID 110006472964 

Anderson, Carol (2013), Pain and Its Ending: The Four Noble Truths in the Theravada Buddhist Canon, Routledge 

Buswell, Robert E. Jr.; Lopez, Donald Jr. (2003), The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism, Princeton University Press 

Carter, John Ross (1987), Four Noble Truths, in Jones, Lindsay, MacMillan Encyclopedia of Religions, MacMillan 

Gombrich, Richard F. (1997). How Buddhism Began: The Conditioned Genesis of the Early Teachings. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-19639-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=hQOAAgAAQBAJ 

Harvey, Graham (2016), Religions in Focus: New Approaches to Tradition and Contemporary Practices, Routledge 

Harvey, Peter (2013). An Introduction to Buddhism. Cambridge University Press 

Keown, Damien (2000). Buddhism: A Very Short Introduction (Kindle ed.). Oxford University Press 

Lopez, Donald S (1995) (PDF). Buddhism in Practice. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-04442-2. http://isites.harvard.edu/fs/docs/icb.topic787480.files/Lopez-Buddhism%20in%20Practice.pdf 

Lopez, Donald, jr. (2009), Buddhism and Science: A Guide for the Perplexed, University of Chicago Press 

Mackenzie, Rory (2007), New Buddhist Movements in Thailand: Towards an Understanding of Wat Phra Dhammakaya and Santi Asoke, Routledge, ISBN 978-1-134-13262-1, http://www.ahandfulofleaves.org/documents/New%20Buddhist%20Movements%20In%20Thailand_Mackenzie.pdf 

Makransky, John J. (1997), Buddhahood Embodied: Sources of Controversy in India and Tibet, SUNY 

Raju, P. T. (1985). Structural Depths of Indian Thought. State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-88706-139-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=wZ_iahRQomwC 

Samuel, Geoffrey (2008), The Origins of Yoga and Tantra: Indic Religions to the Thirteenth Century, Cambridge University Press 

Schmidt-Leukel, Perry (2006), Understanding Buddhism, Dunedin Academic Press, ISBN 978-1-903765-18-0, https://books.google.com/books?id=3DrYAAAAMAAJ 

Spiro, Melford E. (1982), Buddhism and Society: A Great Tradition and Its Burmese Vicissitudes, University of California Press 

Vetter, Tilmann (1988), The Ideas and Meditative Practices of Early Buddhism, BRILL 

Williams, Paul (2002), Buddhist Thought (Kindle ed.), Taylor & Francis 

Williams, Paul (2008), Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations (2 ed.), Routledge, ISBN 978-1-134-25056-1, http://www.khamkoo.com/uploads/9/0/0/4/9004485/mahayana_buddhism_-_the_doctrinal_foundations_second_edition.pdf 

A Note on Attā in the Alagaddūpama Sutta. K. R. Norman  Studies in Indian Philosophy LD Series, 84  1981

Recovering the Buddha's Message. R. F. Gombrich

Lama, Dalai (1997). Healing Anger: The Power of Patience from a Buddhist Perspective. Translated by Geshe Thupten Jinpa. Snow Lion Publications. Source: [1] (accessed: Sunday March 25, 2007)

Wynn, Alexander (2010). The atman and its negation. Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies 33 (12): 103171. http://journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php/jiabs/article/view/9279/3140. 

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