ハイブリッドカー

半保護されたページ
出典: フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』
ハイブリッド車から転送)

世界最初の量産型ハイブリッド車であるトヨタ・プリウス(初代)
世界最初の量産型ハイブリッド二輪車であるホンダ・PCX HYBRID
従来からあるシリーズ式ハイブリッドながら「新しい電気自動車のカタチ」と銘打って発売された、日産・ノートe -POWER(E12型)
2014年以降のF1マシンは全車がハイブリッドカーとなっている

: hybrid car 2HVhybrid vehicle


22HVhybrid vehicleHEV, hybrid electric vehicle使

使[ 1]



19 

20T

20

20ULEV

2000使PHEV20082010PHEV60 km/L30 km/L

HEV

()

+


[]


HIMR
HIMRM10U
 

使

 × 



11使MT


[ 2]

IMA - 

HIMR (Hybrid Inverter-controlled Motor & Retarder system) - 2000HIMR使[1]

HY-KERS




Clean Air





SPORT HYBRID i-DCD



  XV HYBRID - CVT











 E12

使使[2]

使使使

EV

EV使使

2016e-POWER[3]












e-POWER

e-SMART HYBRID

 (ESR)

EV

HEV



MAN



×

MG1MG2

MG1MG2EVMG1MG2 EV

MG1MG1MG2 - 

MG1MG2 - 

MG1MG2MG1



MG1MG2

MG1MG2MG1MG1MG2

LC500h

#

THS - 1997[4]

2 - 2005GMBMW[5]2008SUV2010GM8,820200950[6]

BYDF3DM 

e:HEV - -


DUO - B5A4 41.9 L1997

e-4WD - 

 - [7]


×



使[ 3]


使使

THSi-MMD

EV


EV使便EV使

2050kmEV




使


115-20%[ 4]5-10[ 5]

3[ 6]=使SUVHV


2010[8]


ICEV

PV[ 7]EVHV 902015使91100%使/[9]寿

HV2008 Series11 Episode1232021[10]

HV[ 8]


600V[ 9]


[11][ 10]2018382020108[12]


2[ 11]10

[14]EV

CE21#20205  
グレード 車両価格 車体差額 燃費(WLTC総合) ガソリン単価 年間走行距離 年間の燃料費 年間の差額 差額回収に要する年数
ハイブリッド
(ZWE211)
W×B(2WD) 2,750,000円 434,500円 25.6km/l 140円 10,000km 54,687円 41,203円 10.5年
ガソリン
(ZRE212)
W×B(1.8L/CVT) 2,315,500円 - 14.6km/l 95,890円 - -
ガソリン単価を140円/L、年間の走行距離を10,000kmとした試算

なお比較はあくまで一例であり、コンパクトカーのようにガソリン車の燃費が良いほど差額回収にはより多くの時間・距離が必要となり、逆に大型車のようにガソリン車の燃費が悪いほど時間・距離は短くなる。

歴史


+[15]

1896

1896

1900

1900[ 12]使[ 13]

244100

1905

H=40km/h3010

1915

Woods Motor Vehicle:1899-1916(Dual Power)4使15mph (25km/h) 35mph (55km/h) 1918600[16]

1921

 (Owen Magnetic) 60[17][18]

退[19]

 (Air engine) 

1936

 (Tatra) M290 (Slovenská strela) 170ps285km/h148km/h21960

1952

1

1959

Henney Kilowatt

1960

1964196919711969GM512[17][18]

1970



 (Victor Wouk) 196019701972[20]1970EPA1976

1973

OPEC1985[19]

1973

 (David Arthurs) GT1978 (The regenerative-braking hybrid) 使75mpgMother Earth News198084mpg[17][18]

1970

15[21]

1975

197521 1160km/h120km/h使([22])

1977

800197722

1979

OPEC

2MAXAB102550cc1979238使100Ah890km/h

1981



1982

使i-Miev

1982

1982

1988

1988203

1989

1989RE13X /[23]RE13X13BATCS/ATCS24ATCSRE13XRE13X220bhp196Nm

1989

3100100kW2.3L 5 9.3kW100 IAA5410

1991

1002.0L 85kW21kW

1992

-ECCEnvironmental Concept Car1993[ 14]

1993

929  (Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles (PNGV)) USCAR en:USCARDoE (Goal 2)  (Goal 3) 20042001CAR

1994

80 duo

1995

31

1997

A4 duo66kWTDI21kW906

8 - EV21,5001.5L 

1014 - 1210[24]

1998

Q924

1999

96 - [25]1.0L3+Honda IMA111

2000

324 -  [26]NEO HYBRID 1.8L+100414 

10 -  HEV

2001

CAR

615 - [27]4 2.4L+THS-C4WDE-Four

823 - 11[28]6 3.0L+(THS-MTOYOTA Hybrid System-Mild)

9 -   HIMR

1213 -  [29]1.3L+Honda IMA1214

2002

6 -  

104 - [30]6 2.0L+(THS-MTOYOTA Hybrid System-Mild)

109 - [31]11使

2003

122 -  [32]

730 - [33]2.4L

91 - 2[34]1.5LTHS-II

11 -  

2004

2 -  HEV

12 -  

12 - 

2005

322 - [35]V6 3.3L

6 - 

829 -  [36]1 926

922 - 2 [37]1.3L 3i-VTEC+IMA1122

9 - 

11 - 

11 - 2005

2006

316 - GSGS450h[38]V6 3.5L

612 - 2[39]2.4L

10 - 2007

2007

2 - -[40]

3 - 65590

517 - LSLS600h/LS600hL[41]V8 5.0L

5 - 13,0002012

6 - 100

7 - 24HV-R

7 - 
BYD F3DM


2008

218 - 13[42]V6 3.5L 56

6 - 

12 - BYD F3DM1100

2009

119 - RX[43]V6 3.5LRX450h4

25 - 2[44]1.3L+IMA26

518 - 3[45]1.8L

714 - HS[46]2.4LHS250h

1020 - SAI[47]2.4L127

2010

225 - CR-Z[48]6MT226

108 - [49]1.3L+IMA

1026 - [50]V6 3.5L112

2011

112 - CT[51]1.8LCT200h

513 - α[52]1.8L

616 - [53]1.3L+IMA

95 - 9[54]2.5L

927 - 2[55]2.4L1121

1027 - 21.5L [56]1111

1027 - [57]1.5L+IMA1028

1129 - PHV[58]1.8L2012130

1226 - [59]1.5L

2012

126 - 4GS[60]V6 3.5LGS450h319

425 - 5[61]V6 3.5L521

510 - 4[62]9OEM2.5L

524 - RS[63]1.5LIMA

74 - 2[64]5OEMV6 3.5L726

81 - 4S-HYBRID[65]2.0L+S-HYBRID

89 - 2S-HYBRID[66]4OEM

927 - CR-Z[67]928

1225 - 14[68]4 2.5L20131

1226 - EVPHEV[69]4WD2.0LEV2013124

2013

48 - [70]αOEM1.8L

516 - 3IS[71]2.5LIS300h

620 - 9   [72]SPORT HYBRID i-MMD2.0L2CVT  621

624 - SUBARUXV[73]2.0L+

86 - 23[74]1.5L

95 - 2[75]SPORT HYBRID i-DCD1.5L17DCT96

99 - 6[76]V6 3.5L

109 - 3[77] 2.0L1121

1017 - GSGS300h[78]2.5LGSGS540h2

1111 - 13[79]V6 3.5L[ 15]20142

1113 - 3[80]2.5L2014115

1219 -   [81]1220

1219 - [82]1.5LSPORT HYBRID i-DCD1220

2014

120 - 3[83]1.8L224

79 - 4WD[84]4 2.5L4WD2WDV6 3.5L

729 - NX[85]2.5LNX300h

825 - 5R3RS-[86]S-

828 - S-[87]5R3ROEM

1023 - RC[88]2.5LRC300h

1029 - [89]1.8L

1110 - 5[90]V6 3.5L3SPORT HYBRID SH-AWD2015220

121 - [91]1.5LSPORT HYBRID i-DCD[ 16]

2015

126 - 32[92]2.5L

212 - [93]1.5L+SPORT HYBRID i-DCD[ 17]

47 - [94]2.0L1   2.0L513

513 - S-[95]S-

514 - S-[96]5OEMS-

515 - [97]1.5LSPORT HYBRID i-DCD

519 -  S-[98]S-NA

619 - SUBARUSPORTSPORT HYBRID[99]2.0L+710

79 - 2[100]1.5L

826 - 32  [101]1.2L+

1023 - 4RX[102]V6 3.5LRX450h

129 - 4[103]1.8L

1217 - 2D:2/D:2[104]32  OEM1.2L

1218 - S-[96]5OEMS-

2016

121 - [105]1.2L218

24 - [106]2.0LSPORT HYBRID i-MMD25

418 - 2[107]1.8L

526 -  [108]

824 - 5[109]2.0L+S-HYBRID

825 - 2NSX[110]V6 3.5L3SPORT HYBRID SH-AWD2017227

916 - 22+()[111]1.5LSPORT HYBRID i-DCD

112 - e-POWER[112]3 1.2L

1129 -   [113]1.2L+

1213 - 3[114]5OEM2.0LS-HYBRID1220

1214 - C-HR[115]1.8L

1227 - 4[116]1.2L201714

2017

112 - 31.5L[ 18][117][118]

126 - D:2/D:2[119]32  OEM

21 - 6R4R[120]

215 - 2PHV[121]1.8L

223 - 2[122]6ROEM32

316 - LC[123]V6 3.5LLC500h

710 - 10[124]2.5L

710 - 5[125]10OEM2.5L

712 - [126]1.2L

928 - [127]SPAPA2.0LSPORT HYBRID i-MMD929

1019 - 5LS[128]V6 3.5LLS500h

1023 - JPN TAXI[129]1.5L

1214 - 2 [130]

1222 - 3[131]2 OEMNA/201828

1225 - [132]3 1.0L+

2018

228 - e-POWER[133]3 1.2L31

620 - SUBARU5[134]e-BOXERAdvance914

622 - 3[135]V8 5.0L

626 - [136]1.8L

626 - 15[137]4 2.5LV6 3.5L

76 - PCX HYBRID[138]914

719 - PHEV[139]1.5LSPORT HYBRID i-MMD720

823 - PHEV[140]2.0L2.4L

830 - CR-V[141]2.0LSPORT HYBRID i-MMD4WD111

925 - e-POWER NISMO S[142]NISMO

1011 - SUBARU3XVe-BOXERAdvance[143](1019Advance112

1024 - ES[144]2.5LES300h

1119 - [145]1.5L4

1127 - UX[146]2.0LUX250h

1213 - 3[147]1.5LSPORT HYBRID i-MMD1214

1220 -  [148]

2019

328 - 2[149]2NMKVNA/

328 - eK[150]NA/HYBRID

410 - 5RAV4[151]2.5L

917 - 12[152]1.8L


使使200953ZVW30201112

2009[153]

2050

100015

調20153

SUVSUV


1991HIMRHybrid Inverter-controlled Motor & Retarder System = 19941199520012005HIMR2PHVPHV

3

MBECS 19931995MBECS II1998MBECS IIIUDERIPCHASSE2000退



HEV20022004HEV[154]2007HIMR使

20112201282

2003822使

軍用車両


使使

12CVK4501(P) ()

50t

Strv.103使

F1 W07 Hybrid2016F1
TS050 HYBRID2016WEC/24

SDGs

2005RX400h79[155]200624GS450h[156]2007 HV-R242010ST5CR-Z3

2012SUPER GTGT300CR-Z[157]20132013CR-Z2016220142015GT500NSX32022GT300

1998FRQ9 GTR-124122009LMP19Z09SALMS2012FIA WECR18R18 e-tron2420132456PHEVZEOD RC2018TS050 HYBRID8MJ50050010008MJ2.4t20[158]TS0502017C313903147912022LMP1LM/LMDh

F12009KERS使2014V8使2017鹿20061289541127319[159]

W2RC2022RS Q e-tron20212022

WRC1IMSA/WECLMDh2022BTCC2024



=

ハイブリッドシステム採用が義務付けられている規定やレース

ハイブリッドシステムの有無を選択できる規定やレース

過去にハイブリッドカーが参戦可能だった規定やレース

ハイブリッド車一覧

脚注

注釈



(一)^ Moteur à combustion et explosionMotore a movimento alternativoMotor de explosiónHubkolbenmotor

(二)^ IMA

(三)^ 

(四)^ 570kgHV700kg+130kg+22.8%

(五)^ 2012GSHV240kg+14.5%2017LC90kg+4.5THS60kg+4.7%

(六)^ HVPHEVHVZE2/ZE3

(七)^ [1] .asx

(八)^ 28.0km/437.2km/S

(九)^ ISUZU  '05-'09 ELF HYBRID (PDF) 

(十)^ HVNHTSAHVEV

(11)^ 2005HV2HVCMHV3[13]

(12)^ Mixte - mixte︿

(13)^ 190014km/h

(14)^ 

(15)^ 201452.0L

(16)^ 20156LX

(17)^ 20155RS

(18)^ 320126

出典



(一)^  .  . 202255

(二)^ 201071 

(三)^ e-POWER 2016112https://global.nissannews.com/ja-JP/releases/release-0032ff05aa6577577d36a0990c0006f9 

(四)^ 1,000 90331 - 20181016

(五)^ Technology of the Year: GM's Two-Mode Hybrid System - MotorTrend 20071227

(六)^ Two-Mode Hybrid System: GM's Larry Nitz on Lessons Learned - Green Car Reports 2010615

(七)^ 

(八)^   202055

(九)^ HV100

(十)^  EV1/3  - ITmedia 

(11)^  - 2011313

(12)^   20201213

(13)^   2010625

(14)^ 

(15)^ [2]

(16)^ en:Woods Motor Vehicle

(17)^ abchybridcars.com History of Hybrid Vehicles

(18)^ abc[3]

(19)^ ab ()  19977 ISBN 978-42542364155. 6 (P183-189)

(20)^ Victor Wouk and The Great Hybrid Car Cover-up of 1974

(21)^ !?

(22)^ CAR GRAPHIC '76-1 P28

(23)^ RX-8()2003

(24)^ 201014 

(25)^  11199996https://www.honda.co.jp/news/1999/4990906b.html 

(26)^ 2000324https://global.nissannews.com/ja-JP/releases/release-dcc008e47f3ada2edd329fd65e003384 

(27)^ .  carview (2001615). 2019414

(28)^ .  carview (2001823). 2019414

(29)^ 5 20011213https://www.honda.co.jp/news/2001/4011213-civic.html 

(30)^ 2002104https://global.toyota/jp/detail/1920693 

(31)^  使2002109https://www.daihatsu.com/jp/news/2002/20021009-02.html 

(32)^ 2  2003122https://www.suzuki.co.jp/release/a/a030122b.htm 

(33)^ 2003730https://global.toyota/jp/newsroom/toyota/21784033.html 

(34)^ 200391https://global.toyota/jp/newsroom/toyota/21784409.html 

(35)^ TOYOTA2005322https://global.toyota/jp/newsroom/toyota/26308212.html 

(36)^  2005829https://www.daihatsu.com/jp/news/2005/20050829-04.html 

(37)^  2005922https://www.honda.co.jp/news/2005/4050922-civic.html 

(38)^ LEXUSLEXUSGS450hFRLEXUSGS450h2006316https://global.toyota/jp/newsroom/lexus/28835005.html 

(39)^ TOYOTA2006612https://global.toyota/jp/newsroom/toyota/21781426.html 

(40)^ http://www.pekinshuho.com/jj/txt/2007-02/25/content_56666.htm

(41)^ LEXUSLS600h/LS600hL2007517https://global.toyota/jp/newsroom/lexus/34231661.html 

(42)^ TOYOTA2008218https://global.toyota/jp/newsroom/toyota/21789060.html 

(43)^ LEXUSRX450h/RX3502009119https://global.toyota/jp/newsroom/lexus/30989011.html 

(44)^ 200925https://www.honda.co.jp/news/2009/4090205-insight.html 

(45)^ TOYOTA32009518https://global.toyota/jp/newsroom/toyota/21785355.html 

(46)^ LEXUSHS250h2009714https://global.toyota/jp/detail/1734184 

(47)^ TOYOTASAI20091020https://global.toyota/jp/newsroom/toyota/21778675.html 

(48)^ CR-Z2010225https://www.honda.co.jp/news/2009/4090205-insight.html 

(49)^  2010108https://www.honda.co.jp/news/2010/4101008-fit.html 

(50)^  20101026https://global.nissannews.com/ja-JP/releases/release-402a47f1f73795bb042ba329f5c5dfd4-101026-01-j 

(51)^ LEXUSCT200h2011112https://global.toyota/jp/newsroom/lexus/30544611.html 

(52)^ TOYOTAα2011513https://global.toyota/jp/newsroom/toyota/21789231.html 

(53)^    2011616https://www.honda.co.jp/news/2011/4110616-fitshuttle.html 

(54)^ TOYOTA2011915https://global.toyota/jp/newsroom/toyota/21784776.html 

(55)^ TOYOTA2011927https://global.toyota/jp/newsroom/toyota/21783818.html 

(56)^  1.5L 20111027https://www.honda.co.jp/news/2011/4111027-insight.html 

(57)^  520111027https://www.honda.co.jp/news/2011/4111027-freed.html 

(58)^ TOYOTAPHV20111129https://global.toyota/jp/newsroom/toyota/21780990.html 

(59)^ TOYOTA20111226https://global.toyota/jp/newsroom/toyota/21780024.html 

(60)^ LEXUSGS2012126https://global.toyota/jp/newsroom/lexus/30965399.html 

(61)^ 2012425http://www2.toyota.co.jp/jp/news/feature/20120126.html 

(62)^  OEM2012510https://www.daihatsu.com/jp/news/2012/20120510-1.html 

(63)^  2012524https://www.honda.co.jp/news/2010/4101008-fit.html 

(64)^ 201274https://www.mitsubishi-motors.com/publish/pressrelease_jp/products/2012/news/detail4585.html 

(65)^  S-HYBRID201281https://global.nissannews.com/ja-JP/releases/120801-01-j 

(66)^ 201289https://www.suzuki.co.jp/release/a/2012/0809/ 

(67)^ CR-Z PLUS SPORT2012927https://www.honda.co.jp/news/2012/4120927-cr-z.html 

(68)^ TOYOTA20121225https://global.toyota/jp/newsroom/toyota/21779336.html 

(69)^ EVPHEV20121226https://www.mitsubishi-motors.com/publish/pressrelease_jp/products/2012/news/detail4637.html 

(70)^ 201348https://www.daihatsu.com/jp/news/2013/20130408-1.html 

(71)^ LEXUSISLEXUS2013516https://global.toyota/jp/newsroom/lexus/29588751.html 

(72)^       30.0kmL  70.4kmL2013620https://www.honda.co.jp/news/2013/4130620-accord.html 

(73)^ SUBARU XV HYBRID2013624https://www.subaru.co.jp/news/archives/13_04_06/13_06_24_89396.html 

(74)^ TOYOTA201386https://global.toyota/jp/newsroom/toyota/21789622.html 

(75)^    201395https://www.honda.co.jp/news/2013/4130905-fit.html 

(76)^ TOYOTA 201399https://global.toyota/jp/newsroom/toyota/21785718.html 

(77)^  2013109https://newsroom.mazda.com/ja/publicity/release/2013/201310/131009a.html 

(78)^ LEXUSGSGS300h20131017https://global.toyota/jp/newsroom/lexus/30913673.html 

(79)^ 20131111https://global.nissannews.com/ja-JP/releases/131111-01-j 

(80)^ TOYOTA20131113https://global.toyota/jp/newsroom/toyota/21777239.html 

(81)^   20131219https://www.honda.co.jp/news/2013/4131219-accord.html 

(82)^ VEZEL20131219https://www.honda.co.jp/news/2013/4131219-vezel.html 

(83)^ TOYOTA2014120https://global.toyota/jp/newsroom/toyota/21775271.html 

(84)^ TOYOTA4WD201479https://global.toyota/jp/newsroom/toyota/21793084.html 

(85)^ LEXUSSUVNXLEXUS2014729https://global.toyota/jp/newsroom/lexus/28176379.html 

(86)^ RRS- No.132.4km/L2014825https://www.suzuki.co.jp/release/a/2014/0825/ 

(87)^  2014829https://newsroom.mazda.com/ja/publicity/release/2014/201408/140828b.html 

(88)^ LEXUSRCLEXUS20141023https://global.toyota/jp/newsroom/lexus/28458251.html 

(89)^ TOYOTA20141029https://global.toyota/jp/newsroom/toyota/21796684.html 

(90)^  3SPORT HYBRID SH-AWD20141110https://www.honda.co.jp/news/2014/4141110-legend.html 

(91)^ GRACE2014121https://www.honda.co.jp/news/2014/4141201-grace.html 

(92)^ TOYOTA2015126https://global.toyota/jp/newsroom/toyota/21800077.html 

(93)^ 6JADE2015212https://www.honda.co.jp/news/2015/4150212-jade.html 

(94)^  201547https://global.nissannews.com/ja-JP/releases/150407-01-j 

(95)^  S-2015513https://www.suzuki.co.jp/release/a/2015/0513/ 

(96)^ ab 2014829https://newsroom.mazda.com/ja/publicity/release/2015/201505/150514a.html 

(97)^ SHUTTLE2015515https://www.honda.co.jp/news/2015/4150515-shuttle.html 

(98)^ 32.0km/L 2015519https://www.suzuki.co.jp/release/a/2015/0519/ 

(99)^   SPORT HYBRID Fun to Drive 2015619https://www.subaru.co.jp/press/news/2015_06_19_58/ 

(100)^ TOYOTA201579https://global.toyota/jp/newsroom/toyota/21805713.html 

(101)^   2015826https://www.suzuki.co.jp/release/a/2015/0826/ 

(102)^ LEXUSRXLEXUS20151022https://global.toyota/jp/newsroom/lexus/34199361.html 

(103)^ TOYOTA2015129https://global.toyota/jp/newsroom/toyota/21810973.html 

(104)^ D:220151217https://www.mitsubishi-motors.com/publish/pressrelease_jp/products/2015/news/detail4944.html 

(105)^ 2016121https://www.suzuki.co.jp/release/a/2015/0121/ 

(106)^  201624https://www.honda.co.jp/news/2016/4160204-odyssey.html 

(107)^ TOYOTA2016418https://global.toyota/jp/newsroom/toyota/21814261.html 

(108)^ ACCORD()2016526https://www.honda.co.jp/news/2016/4160526-accord.html 

(109)^  2016824https://global.nissannews.com/ja-JP/releases/160824-01-j 

(110)^ NSX2016825https://www.honda.co.jp/news/2016/4160825-nsx.html 

(111)^ FREED()/FREED+()2016916https://www.honda.co.jp/news/2016/4160916-freed.html 

(112)^ e-POWER 2016112https://global.nissannews.com/ja-JP/releases/161102-01-j 

(113)^   20161129https://www.suzuki.co.jp/release/a/2016/1129/ 

(114)^ 38 20161213https://www.suzuki.co.jp/release/a/2016/1213a/ 

(115)^ TOYOTAC-HR20161214https://global.toyota/jp/newsroom/toyota/21821172.html 

(116)^  20161227https://www.suzuki.co.jp/release/a/2016/1227/ 

(117)^ 2012.  webCG (2012110). 2019415

(118)^ TOYOTA2017112https://global.toyota/jp/newsroom/toyota/21821531.html 

(119)^ D:22017126https://www.mitsubishi-motors.com/publish/pressrelease_jp/products/2017/news/detail5041.html 

(120)^ RR201721https://www.suzuki.co.jp/release/a/2016/0201/ 

(121)^ TOYOTAPHV2017215https://global.toyota/jp/newsroom/toyota/21821789.html 

(122)^  2017223https://newsroom.mazda.com/ja/publicity/release/2017/201702/170223a.html 

(123)^ LEXUSLCLEXUS2017316https://global.toyota/jp/newsroom/lexus/28596661.html 

(124)^ TOYOTA2017710https://global.toyota/jp/newsroom/toyota/21824053.html 

(125)^ 2017710https://www.daihatsu.com/jp/news/2017/20170710-1.html 

(126)^  2017712https://www.suzuki.co.jp/release/a/2017/0712/ 

(127)^ STEP WGN2017928https://www.honda.co.jp/news/2017/4170928a-stepwgn.html 

(128)^ LEXUSLSLEXUS20171019https://global.toyota/jp/newsroom/lexus/28530658.html 

(129)^ TOYOTAJPN TAXI20171023https://global.toyota/jp/newsroom/toyota/26435286.html 

(130)^  20171214https://www.suzuki.co.jp/release/a/2017/1214/ 

(131)^  20171222https://newsroom.mazda.com/ja/publicity/release/2017/201702/170223a.html 

(132)^  20171225https://www.suzuki.co.jp/release/a/2017/1225// 

(133)^  e-POWER2018228https://global.nissannews.com/ja-JP/releases/180228-01-j 

(134)^ SUBARU2018620https://www.subaru.co.jp/press/news/2018_06_20_5987/ 

(135)^ TOYOTA212018622https://global.toyota/jp/newsroom/toyota/22884194.html 

(136)^ TOYOTA 2018626https://global.toyota/jp/newsroom/toyota/23067384.html 

(137)^ TOYOTA2018626https://global.toyota/jp/newsroom/toyota/23097094.html 

(138)^  PCX HYBRID201876https://www.honda.co.jp/news/2018/2180706-pcx.html 

(139)^ CLARITY PHEV2018719https://www.honda.co.jp/news/2018/4180719-clarity-phev.html 

(140)^ EVPHEV PHEV2018823https://www.mitsubishi-motors.com/jp/newsrelease/2018/detail5232.html 

(141)^ CR-V2018830https://www.honda.co.jp/news/2018/4180830-cr-v.html 

(142)^  e-POWER NISMO S2018925https://global.nissannews.com/ja-JP/releases/180925-01-j 

(143)^ SUBARU XVe-BOXERAdvanceSUBARU20181011https://www.subaru.co.jp/press/news/2018_10_11_6378/ 

(144)^ LEXUSESLEXUS20181024https://global.toyota/jp/newsroom/lexus/24936985.html 

(145)^ TOYOTA20181119https://global.toyota/jp/newsroom/toyota/25369835.html 

(146)^ LEXUSUXLEXUS20181127https://global.toyota/jp/newsroom/lexus/37532287.html 

(147)^ INSIGHT20181213https://www.honda.co.jp/news/2018/4181213-insight.html 

(148)^  20181220https://www.suzuki.co.jp/release/a/2018/1220/ 

(149)^ 2019328https://global.nissannews.com/ja-JP/releases/190328-00-j 

(150)^ eKeK2019328https://www.mitsubishi-motors.com/jp/newsrelease/2019/detail5295.html 

(151)^ TOYOTARAV42019410https://global.toyota/jp/newsroom/toyota/27546080.html 

(152)^ TOYOTA   TNGA2019917https://global.toyota/jp/newsroom/toyota/29375724.html 

(153)^ VW.   (2009129). 201119

(154)^ 200267https://www.mitsubishi-fuso.com/oa/jp/news/news_content/020607/020607.html 

(155)^ Archive>>lexus Rx @ The 2005 Nurburgring 24hSPPD HUNTERS 2021822

(156)^ 24 - WebCG200675

(157)^ GT2012GT? - cliccar2012519

(158)^ 24TS050

(159)^ F1 Topic鹿2017

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